{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T23:52:41Z","timestamp":1767916361039,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prosthodontists often assess crown margins clinically and radiographically. However, judging an open crown margin clinically is difficult, and their radiographic assessment is controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate factors influencing interpretation of crown margins to optimize their assessment. Nine plastic KaVo model teeth were divided into three groups (n\u2009=\u20093 per group), and each group received a different margin design (slanted buccal or lingual, concave coronal or convex, 0.7\u2009mm or 1\u2009mm finish line). Zirconia crowns were fabricated, and preparations were exposed to five different radiographic angulations: 1) perpendicular to both the plate and teeth; 2) with 10\u00b0 of mesial shift; 3) with 10\u00b0 of distal shift; 4) with +10\u00b0 vertical angulation; and 5) with \u221210\u00b0 vertical angulation. Images were interpreted for open\/closed margins by three consultants. Binary logistic regression was used to determine predictors of an open margin, and intra- and inter-examiner reliability was assessed. Overall, closed margins (false negatives) were most detected when the PID was at +10\u00b0 vertical angulation (72.2% of the time), independent of margin design. Predictors of an open crown margin were position-indicating device (PID) angles at right angles to the tooth and 10\u00b0 mesial shift when the margin was 0.7\u2009mm. However, it was less likely that a slanted buccal open crown margin would be detected with +10\u00b0 vertical angulation. The radiographic interpretation of the margins of zirconia crowns is significantly influenced by PID angulation and margin design. A\u2009+\u200910\u00b0 vertical angulation should be avoided when assessing marginal adaptation, and a convex coronal finish line of &lt;1\u2009mm should be avoided as they are harder to detect radiographically when open.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0338690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:22:02Z","timestamp":1767896522000},"page":"e0338690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accurate radiographic interpretation of misfit milled zirconia crowns of different designs: An in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Barayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9863-9501","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Khadijah M.","family":"Baik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0338690.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(87)90362-3","article-title":"The cast glass-ceramic restoration","volume":"57","author":"KA Malament","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0338690.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1985.tb00640.x","article-title":"The effective minimum cement thickness of zinc phosphate cement for luted non-precious crowns","volume":"12","author":"R Grajower","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0338690.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(61)90232-3","article-title":"Factors influencing the retention of cemented gold castings","volume":"11","author":"EG Kaufman","year":"1961","journal-title":"The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0338690.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(88)90037-6","article-title":"Incomplete seating of cemented crowns: a literature review","volume":"59","author":"R Pilo","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0338690.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572008000100013","article-title":"Correlation between margin fit and microleakage in complete crowns cemented with three luting agents","volume":"16","author":"PHO Rossetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0338690.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(66)90082-5","article-title":"Marginal fit of gold inlay castings","volume":"16","author":"GJ Christensen","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0338690.ref007","first-page":"8","article-title":"The metal-ceramic restoration: the problem remain","volume":"4","author":"JD Preston","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0338690.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(84)90298-1","article-title":"Radiographic assessment of the marginal fit of cast restorations","volume":"51","author":"W Weyns","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0338690.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4802708","article-title":"The estimation of cement film thickness by an in vivo technique","volume":"131","author":"JW McLean","year":"1971","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0338690.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(96)00048-6","article-title":"Adaptation and radiographic evaluation of four adhesive systems","volume":"25","author":"NJ Opdam","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0338690.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1067\/mpr.2000.109125","article-title":"Clinical fit of Procera AllCeram crowns","volume":"84","author":"KW Boening","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0338690.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3109\/00016359309040568","article-title":"The fit of gold inlays and three ceramic inlay systems. 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