{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T18:15:45Z","timestamp":1783707345560,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The present study investigates the impact of dietary fucoidan supplementation on growth performance, intestinal tract morphology, endogenous digestive enzymes, hematological parameters, serum biochemical indices of Nile tilapia (\n                    <jats:italic>Oreochromis niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), oxidative biomarkers, and related gene expressions. Fish weighing 2.54\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12 g had randomly assigned them into five groups of equal size (20 fish each aquarium), with three replicates per group. The fish were fed for 70 days with five experimental diets formulated: T1: Control (fucoidan 0 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ); T2: 0.5 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    fucoidan; T3: fucoidan 1.0 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    , T4: fucoidan 1.5 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    and T5; fucoidan 2.0 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    . At the end of the experiment, growth indices, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal histomorphometric, hematological indices, serum biochemical indices, and antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) increased in the groups fed diets supplemented by fucoidan, with the superiority of fish fed 2 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    compared to the basal diet. Additionally, a control diet has the highest ALT and AST compared to other diets supplemented with different fucoidan levels. Fish fed either 1.5 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    or 2.0 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    fucoidan recorded the higher (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) hematological parameters as WBCs, RBCs, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. A diet supplemented with 2 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    diet fucoidan displayed the highest gene expression of the\n                    <jats:italic>inf-\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>il-1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while the heat shock protein 70 (\n                    <jats:italic>hsp70<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene was down-regulated. Overall, our results highlight the efficacy of fucoidan in increasing growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidant enzyme activity, and gene expression. Therefore, it can be considered a promising feed additive for tilapia farming.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0339270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T17:42:00Z","timestamp":1783705320000},"page":"e0339270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Can dietary supplementation with highly purified fucoidan alter growth, digestive enzyme activity, serum biochemicals, immune-antioxidant responses, and related gene expressions in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Eman Y.","family":"Mohammady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed R.","family":"Soaudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Elashry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab R.","family":"El-Haroun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6725-1715","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohamed S.","family":"Hassaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0339270.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-022-10034-5","article-title":"Effects of dietary Plantago ovata seed extract administration on growth performance and immune function of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerling exposed to ammonia toxicity","volume":"47","author":"E Ahmadifar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Res Commun"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2025.103046","article-title":"The use of synthesized stabilized nanoparticles of selenium as a feed additive in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei diets: performance, antibacterial activity, gut microbiota and immune-related genes expression","volume":"44","author":"FH Mustafa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquaculture Reports"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2025.116318","article-title":"Evaluating the inclusion of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein instead of fishmeal protein in diets for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Growth performance, digestive enzymes, health status, and tissues investigations","volume":"324","author":"M Abdel-Tawwab","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animal Feed Science and Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0339270.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-025-01529-4","article-title":"Ameliorative potential of dietary supplements, ZnO-K, citrus essential oil, and pumpkin seed oil, on sperm quality in Nile tilapia: Insights from CASA, DNA integrity, antioxidant enzymes, and gene expressions","volume":"51","author":"MM Ali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fish Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0339270.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-025-01960-7","article-title":"Aeromonas veronii infection in cultured Oreochromis niloticus: prevalence, molecular and histopathological characterization correlated to water physicochemical characteristics, with the protective autochthonous probiotic","volume":"33","author":"A Fadel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquaculture International"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2025.102944","article-title":"Performance, physiological and immune responses of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed extruded pellet diets with different binders","volume":"43","author":"EY Mohammady","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquaculture Reports"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2016.06.004","article-title":"Efficacy of nucleotide related products on growth, blood chemistry, oxidative stress and growth factor gene expression of juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major","volume":"464","author":"MS Hossain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0339270.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-025-02205-3","article-title":"Pathophysiological impact of Euclinostomum heterostomum infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): a multidisciplinary investigation revealing immune-oxidative stress interactions","volume":"33","author":"MA Khormi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquaculture International"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(94)00310-K","article-title":"Persistence of antibacterial agents in marine sediments","volume":"133","author":"H Hektoen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0339270.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3675","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.10.3675-3680.2000","article-title":"Evaluation of amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis for inter- and intraspecific differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis, M. tuberculosis, and M. ulcerans","volume":"38","author":"G Huys","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339270.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.1.516-521.2006","article-title":"Prevalence, persistence, and molecular characterization of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci in Norwegian poultry and poultry farmers 3 to 8 years after the ban on avoparcin","volume":"72","author":"M S\u00f8rum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0339270.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2011.03.004","article-title":"Alternatives to antibiotics for the control of bacterial disease in aquaculture","volume":"14","author":"T Defoirdt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.738372","article-title":"Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruit extract improves growth performance, disease resistance, and serum immune-and antioxidant-related gene expression of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","volume":"558","author":"E Ahmadifar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.04.049","article-title":"Can dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale) alter biochemical and immunological parameters and gene expression related to growth, immunity and antioxidant system in zebrafish (Danio rerio)?","volume":"507","author":"E Ahmadifar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0339270.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1080\/23308249.2020.1818689","article-title":"Benefits of dietary polyphenols and polyphenol-rich additives to aquatic animal health: an overview","volume":"29","author":"E Ahmadifar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339270.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2020-0049","article-title":"Extract of grape seed enhances the growth performance, humoral and mucosal immunity, and resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) against Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"21","author":"Z Mehrinakhi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Animal Science"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2021.12.033","article-title":"Dietary plant pigment on blood-digestive physiology, antioxidant-immune response, and inflammatory gene transcriptional regulation in spotted snakehead (Channa punctata) infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"120","author":"R Harikrishnan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-7345.2010.00363.x","article-title":"Influence of dietary fucoidan supplementation on growth and immunological response of juvenile Marsupenaeus japonicus","volume":"41","author":"RF Traifalgar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the World Aquaculture Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0339270.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/are.12029","article-title":"Dietary influence of fucoidan supplementation on growth of Lates calcarifer (Bloch)","volume":"45","author":"J Tuller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquaculture Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0339270.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.09.003","article-title":"Effects of dietary fucoidan on the blood constituents, anti-oxidation and innate immunity of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)","volume":"41","author":"Q Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0339270.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejar.2014.04.001","article-title":"Effect of synbiotics between Bacillus licheniformis and yeast extract on growth, hematological and biochemical indices of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"40","author":"M Hassaan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Egyptian J Aquatic Research"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.11.012","article-title":"Comparative study on the effect of dietary \u03b2-carotene and phycocyanin extracted from Spirulina platensis on immune-oxidative stress biomarkers, genes expression and intestinal enzymes, serum biochemical in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus","volume":"108","author":"MS Hassaan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.05.006","article-title":"Effect of Silybum marianum seeds as a feed additive on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, antioxidant status, and gene expression of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fingerlings","volume":"509","author":"MS Hassaan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0339270.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(00)00314-1","article-title":"A disaccharide repeat unit is the major structure in fucoidans from two species of brown algae","volume":"330","author":"L Chevolot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Carbohydr Res"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref025","first-page":"145","article-title":"Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae as therapeutic target for cancer","volume-title":"Handbook of anticancer drugs from marine origin","author":"S Kalimuthu","year":"2014"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(00)90981-9","article-title":"A sulfated alpha-L-fucan from sea cucumber","volume":"255","author":"AC Ribeiro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Carbohydr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0339270.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.3390\/md13042327","article-title":"Fucoidan and cancer: a multifunctional molecule with anti-tumor potential","volume":"13","author":"F Atashrazm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0339270.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.3390\/md9101731","article-title":"Therapies from fucoidan; multifunctional marine polymers","volume":"9","author":"JH Fitton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0339270.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2012.08.022","article-title":"Fucanomics and galactanomics: current status in drug discovery, mechanisms of action and role of the well-defined structures","volume":"1820","author":"VH Pomin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2014.10.001","article-title":"Dietary fucoidan enhance the non-specific immune response and disease resistance in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, immunosuppressed by cadmium chloride","volume":"162","author":"M El-Boshy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0339270.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.05.037","article-title":"Dietary effect of Sargassum wightii fucoidan to enhance growth, prophenoloxidase gene expression of Penaeus monodon and immune resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus","volume":"39","author":"M Sivagnanavelmurugan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref032","volume-title":"Pond aquaculture water quality management","author":"CE Boyd","year":"2012"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0339270.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1139\/f73-290","article-title":"Energy expenditure of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, during sustained performance","volume":"30","author":"J Brett","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref034","volume-title":"Official Methods of AOAC Analysis","author":"P Cunniff","year":"1995"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0339270.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2008.02.002","article-title":"Effect of starvation and refeeding on digestive enzyme activities in sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) and trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"149","author":"M Furn\u00e9","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-157","article-title":"A modified spectrophotometric determination of chymotrypsin, trypsin, and thrombin","volume":"37","author":"BC Hummel","year":"1959","journal-title":"Can J Biochem Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0339270.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2009.02348.x","article-title":"Assessment of digestive enzymes activity during the fry development of the endangered Caspian brown trout Salmo caspius","volume":"75","author":"A Zamani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Fish Biol"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernfeld P. Amylases, \u03b1 and \u03b2. 1955.","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(55)01021-5"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-091304-6.50029-X","article-title":"Creatinine","volume-title":"Methods of enzymatic analysis","author":"AW Wahlefeld","year":"1974"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref040","volume-title":"Theory and practice of histological technique","author":"J Bancfort","year":"1996"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0339270.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5642","DOI":"10.1111\/are.15439","article-title":"Nanoselenium versus bulk selenium as a dietary supplement: Effects on growth, feed efficiency, intestinal histology, haemato\u2010biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) fingerlings","volume":"52","author":"MS Ibrahim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquaculture Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339270.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/28.1.56","article-title":"A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases","volume":"28","author":"S Reitman","year":"1957","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref043","volume-title":"Clinical chemistry principles and techniques","author":"R Henary","year":"1974"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0339270.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/27.10.1642","article-title":"A candidate reference method for determination of total protein in serum. I. Development and validation","volume":"27","author":"BT Doumas","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-119-30188","article-title":"A RAPID AND SENSITIVE ASSAY OF MURAMIDASE","volume":"119","author":"Jr PARRY RM","year":"1965","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref046","volume-title":"Fish diseases diagnosis and prevention methods","author":"A Siwicki","year":"1993"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(03)00357-0","article-title":"Diseases resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) and their hybrid (female Nile tilapia\u00d7 male blue tilapia) to Aeromonas sobria","volume":"229","author":"q Cai W","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(99)00246-6","article-title":"A microtiter plate assay for superoxide dismutase using a water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1)","volume":"293","author":"AV Peskin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0339270.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1259","article-title":"The effect of adrenomedullin on rats exposed to lead","volume":"28","author":"MI Dogru","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339270.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50881-X","article-title":"A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase","volume":"195","author":"Jr Beers RF","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0339270.ref051","first-page":"724","article-title":"A simple and specific method for determining glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes","author":"VM Moin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lab Delo"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0339270.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2013.095","article-title":"Analysis of GSH and GSSG after derivatization with N-ethylmaleimide","volume":"8","author":"D Giustarini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0339270.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref054","volume-title":"SAS\/STAT, user\u00b4s guide","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339270.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/are.12482","article-title":"Immunomodulation and interferon gamma gene expression in sutchi cat fish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus: effect of dietary fucoidan rich seaweed extract (FRSE) on pre and post challenge period","volume":"47","author":"DL Prabu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquaculture Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0339270.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11051448","article-title":"Role of Fucoidan on the Growth Behavior and Blood Metabolites and Toxic Effects of Atrazine in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)","volume":"11","author":"A-WA Abdel-Warith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167400","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1167400","article-title":"Effects of fucoidan on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant ability, digestive enzyme activity, and hepatic morphology in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","volume":"10","author":"F Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0339270.ref058","first-page":"364","article-title":"Effects of dietary fucoidan supplementation on growth, immunity, and disease resistance in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)","volume":"35","author":"Y Lan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339270.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-018-0575-0","article-title":"The effect of dietary fucoidan on growth, immune functions, blood characteristics and oxidative stress resistance of juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major","volume":"45","author":"NM Sony","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636930","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.636930","article-title":"Fucoidan Extracted From Sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida Grown in Weihai, China - Chemical Composition and Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Different Molecular Weight Fractions","volume":"8","author":"J Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339270.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.12966","article-title":"Effects of a highly purified fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida on growth performance and intestine health status of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio","volume":"26","author":"H Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339270.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2018.1456442","article-title":"Metabolic and haematological responses of Labeo rohita to dietary fucoidan","volume":"46","author":"AH Gora","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Animal Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0339270.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s40071-018-0193-6","article-title":"Effect of dietary Sargassum wightii and its fucoidan-rich extract on growth, immunity, disease resistance and antimicrobial peptide gene expression in Labeo rohita","volume":"10","author":"AH Gora","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Aquatic Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339270.ref064","first-page":"123","article-title":"Growth and enzymatic profile of the pacific white shrimp fed with Porphyridium cruentum extract","volume":"41","author":"RA Ozorio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Boletim do Instituto de Pesca"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2013.03.023","article-title":"Alterations in digestive enzyme activities during the development of diet-induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L","volume":"402","author":"E Chikwati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339270.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17410","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19663-x","article-title":"Effects of autochthonous strains mixture on gut microbiota and metabolic profile in cobia (Rachycentron canadum)","volume":"12","author":"E Amenyogbe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0339270.ref067","article-title":"Gut microbiota of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) exhibits distinct responses to pathogenic and non-pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus","volume":"11","author":"Y-T Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0339270.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-020-00858-w","article-title":"The effect of fucoidan or potassium permanganate on growth performance, intestinal pathology, and antioxidant status in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"46","author":"HA Mahgoub","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2015.02.007","article-title":"Effect of maternal dietary supplementation of laminarin and fucoidan, independently or in combination, on pig growth performance and aspects of intestinal health","volume":"204","author":"G Heim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Animal Feed Science and Technology"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2013.04.013","article-title":"Effect of supplementing varying inclusion levels of laminarin and fucoidan on growth performance, digestibility of diet components, selected faecal microbial populations and volatile fatty acid concentrations in weaned pigs","volume":"183","author":"A Walsh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Animal Feed Science and Technology"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0339270.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12799","article-title":"Response of the intestinal mucosal barrier of carp (Cyprinus carpio) to a bacterial challenge by Aeromonas hydrophila intubation after feeding with \u03b2-1,3\/1,6-glucan","volume":"41","author":"V Jung-Schroers","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Fish Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339270.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.12536","article-title":"Combined effects of dietary malic acid and B acillus subtilis on growth, gut microbiota and blood parameters of N ile tilapia (O reochromis niloticus)","volume":"24","author":"M Hassaan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aquaculture Nutrition"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.10.030","article-title":"Fish hematology analysis as an important tool of aquaculture: a review","volume":"500","author":"F Fazio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339270.ref074","first-page":"59","article-title":"Effect of dietary supplementation of Ulva rigida C. Agardh extract on several of physiological parameters of grey mullet, Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus)","volume":"4","author":"P Akbary","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustainable Aquaculture and Health Management Journal"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735124","article-title":"Effect of dietary protease at different levels of malic acid on growth, digestive enzymes and haemato-immunological responses of Nile tilapia, fed fish meal free diets","volume":"522","author":"MS Hassaan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0339270.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12579","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-07854-w","article-title":"Effects of fucoidan on the hematic indicators and antioxidative responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed diets contaminated with aflatoxin B1","volume":"27","author":"MM Abdel-Daim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0339270.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.13233","article-title":"A comprehensive review on the health benefits and nutritional significance of fucoidan polysaccharide derived from brown seaweeds in human, animals and aquatic organisms","volume":"27","author":"M Saeed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquaculture Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0339270.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12504","article-title":"Meta\u2010analysis of the use of seaweeds and their extracts as immunostimulants for fish: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"V Thepot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reviews in Aquaculture"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0339270.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1111\/are.14566","article-title":"Effects of dietary marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica, on production, gene expression, protein markers and bacterial count of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei","volume":"51","author":"ZZ Sharawy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339270.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-018-0556-3","article-title":"Dietary supplementation of selenium nanoparticles modulated systemic and mucosal immune status and stress resistance of red sea bream (Pagrus major)","volume":"45","author":"MAO Dawood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0339270.ref081","first-page":"1707","article-title":"Comparative immune response of dietary fucoidan from three Indonesian brown algae in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei","volume":"11","author":"A Setyawan","year":"2018","journal-title":"AACL Bioflux"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0339270.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.34.20200153","article-title":"Fucoidan antagonizes diet-induced obesity and inflammation in mice","volume":"35","author":"L Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biomed Res"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(01)00037-4","article-title":"Antimicrobial mechanisms of fish phagocytes and their role in host defense","volume":"25","author":"NF Neumann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.739755","article-title":"Appraisal of fermented wheat bran by Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth, feed utilization, blood indices, intestinal and liver histology of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus","volume":"575","author":"EY Mohammady","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0339270.ref085","first-page":"413","article-title":"Enhancement of the biodefense activity and improvement of physiological condition of fish by oral administration of algae fucoidan","volume":"52","author":"I Kakuta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aquaculture Science"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref086","unstructured":"Sakurai T. Fucoidan derived from seaweed give effectiveness on enhancement of non-specific immune response in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. In: Program & Abstracts of the 14th International Symposium on Fish Nutrition & Feeding, 2010."},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.03.019","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 and\/or \u03b2-glucan impacted the histopathological, antioxidant, immune-related genes and resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"130","author":"MA Dawood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339270.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.04.024","article-title":"Dietary administration of \u03b2-1,3\/1,6-glucan and probiotic strain Shewanella putrefaciens, single or combined, on gilthead seabream growth, immune responses and gene expression","volume":"39","author":"LT Guzm\u00e1n-Villanueva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.036","article-title":"Sulfated polysaccharides as bioactive agents from marine algae","volume":"62","author":"D-H Ngo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339270.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2012.08.007","article-title":"Fucoidans as a natural bioactive ingredient for functional foods","volume":"5","author":"TS Vo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Functional Foods"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735205","article-title":"The role of \u03b2-glucan in the growth, intestinal morphometry, and immune-related gene and heat shock protein expressions of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under different stocking densities","volume":"523","author":"MA Dawood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"pone.0339270.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(01)00032-5","article-title":"Cytokines and innate immunity of fish","volume":"25","author":"CJ Secombes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0339270","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T17:42:15Z","timestamp":1783705335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0339270"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Lee","family":"Seong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0339270","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]}}}