{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T18:55:25Z","timestamp":1767120925141,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00c3a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#568492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#568492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006087","name":"Direcci\u00c3\u00b3n General de Asuntos del Personal Acad\u00c3\u00a9mico, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00c3\u00b3noma de M\u00c3\u00a9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IN20872"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN20872"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006087","name":"Direcci\u00c3\u00b3n General de Asuntos del Personal Acad\u00c3\u00a9mico, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00c3\u00b3noma de M\u00c3\u00a9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IN205621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN205621"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006087","name":"Direcci\u00c3\u00b3n General de Asuntos del Personal Acad\u00c3\u00a9mico, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00c3\u00b3noma de M\u00c3\u00a9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IN202324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN202324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020704","name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00c3\u00a9dicas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00c3\u00b3noma de M\u00c3\u00a9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Programa Obesidad y Diabetes"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Programa Obesidad y Diabetes"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Exposure to arsenic or sugary drinks can increase the risk of developing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), although the mechanisms involved and its possible interactions remain unexplored. This work aimed to characterize the development of MASLD and their molecular mechanisms, induced in male Wistar rats consuming 20% sucrose (S), 50\u2009ppm sodium arsenite (A), or both (A\u2009+\u2009S) through drinking water for 2 months. We found that rats consuming S developed liver steatosis and extensive fibrosis. Liver steatosis induced by S and A\u2009+\u2009S correlated with decreased calpain-1 protein abundance and calpain-dependent \u03b1II-spectrin proteolysis. We showed that calpain-1 inhibition\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    induces lipid accumulation in hepatocytes probably by increasing PPAR\u03b3 protein levels in the hepatic HepG2 cell line. Concordantly, PPAR\u03b3 protein levels were increased in the livers of S-treated rats. A-treated rats did not develop steatosis, displayed decreased calpain-1 levels but its proteolytic activity remained intact. Treatment with A\u2009+\u2009S induced liver steatosis but displayed less fibrosis than S-treated rats. Although A\u2009+\u2009S reduced calpain-1 levels and activity, the levels of PPAR\u03b3 were not induced in these rats. Our results suggest that liver steatosis induced by sucrose could be related with impaired calpain activity, which could promote PPAR\u03b3 increase. However, some of these alterations induced by sucrose are attenuated by co-administering arsenic, suggesting that there are other calpain-dependent mechanisms involved in liver steatosis. The graphical abstract was generated using BioRender (License in S5 File).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0339586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T18:48:06Z","timestamp":1767120486000},"page":"e0339586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sucrose but not arsenic induce hepatic steatosis which correlates with calpain-1 inhibition"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Myrian","family":"Velasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa Isela","family":"Ortiz-Huidobro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana 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