{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T18:24:46Z","timestamp":1782930286282,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001658","name":"Minerva Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001658","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001658","name":"Minerva Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001658","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"\n Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent respiratory events that trigger autonomic arousals and blood pressure (BP) surges, contributing to elevated cardiovascular risk. Photoplethysmography (PPG)-derived timing markers such as pulse arrival time (PAT) are frequently used as noninvasive surrogates of BP dynamics, yet their interpretation is confounded by the pre-ejection period and peripheral vascular effects. Here, we used detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to quantify short- and long-term scaling exponents of continuous blood pressure (Portapres), PPG-, and PAT-derived signals across sleep stages in healthy individuals and patients with OSA. Directly measured systolic and diastolic BP exhibited a robust short- to long-term crossover across all sleep stages, with elevated short-range exponents (\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \u03b1<\/mml:mi>\n \n 1<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n ><\/mml:mo>\n 1<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:alternatives>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ) and lower long-range exponents (\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \u03b1<\/mml:mi>\n \n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <<\/mml:mo>\n 1<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:alternatives>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ), reflecting well-organized autonomic and vascular control. In OSA, this crossover persisted but was visibly attenuated, consistent with reduced short-term adaptability of cardiovascular regulation. In contrast, PAT-based indices showed substantially weaker short-range correlations and minimal crossover structure. Systolic PAT displayed almost no separation between\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \u03b1<\/mml:mi>\n \n 1<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:alternatives>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n and\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \u03b1<\/mml:mi>\n \n 2<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:alternatives>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n , and PPG-derived measures exhibited scaling patterns that differed fundamentally from BP. Across modalities, PAT (whether derived from BP or PPG) failed to reproduce the multiscale organization characteristic of beat-to-beat BP dynamics. Group comparisons further identified systolic BP scaling, particularly the short-range exponent\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \u03b1<\/mml:mi>\n \n 1<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:alternatives>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n , as the most sensitive marker of cardiovascular dysregulation in OSA, whereas PAT and PPG provided complementary but physiologically distinct information related to peripheral vascular and autonomic modulation. These findings demonstrate that PAT and PPG timing measures should not be used as surrogates for BP in fractal or scaling analyses and underscore the unique diagnostic value of BP-derived scaling behavior for assessing cardiovascular regulation during sleep.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0339755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T17:39:18Z","timestamp":1782927558000},"page":"e0339755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short- and long-term scaling behavior of blood pressure and pulse arrival time during sleep in healthy controls and patients with obstructive sleep apnea"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Karsten","family":"Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan W.","family":"Kantelhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7819-0444","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martin","family":"Glos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4304-0112","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas","family":"Penzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Wessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8336-5141","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ronny P.","family":"Bartsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0339755.ref001","first-page":"142","article-title":"A comprehensive review of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"14","author":"A Abbasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0339755.ref002","article-title":"Sleep architecture, obstructive sleep apnea, and cognitive function in adults","volume":"6","author":"MP Pase","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0339755.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30198-5","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis","volume":"7","author":"AV Benjafield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0339755.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3390\/clockssleep5020025","article-title":"The burden of comorbidities in obstructive sleep apnea and the pathophysiologic mechanisms and effects of CPAP","volume":"5","author":"V Sircu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clock Sleep"},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0339755.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.18357","article-title":"Screening for obstructive sleep apnea in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"328","author":"C Feltner","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0339755.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.20433","article-title":"Sleep apnea, autonomic disturbances, and blood pressure variability","volume":"81","author":"T Tobushi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0339755.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.07.2080","article-title":"Impaired baroreflex sensitivity in OSA","volume":"160","author":"R Espinosa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mietus JE, Peng CK, Ivanov PC, Goldberger AL. Detection of obstructive sleep apnea from cardiac interbeat interval time series. Computers in Cardiology 2000. Vol. 27 (Cat. 00CH37163). IEEE; 2000. p. 753\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/CIC.2000.898634"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339755.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.10300","article-title":"Photoplethysmography-new applications for an old technology: a sleep technology review","volume":"19","author":"S Ryals","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0339755.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2015.2441951","article-title":"Toward ubiquitous blood pressure monitoring via pulse transit time: theory and practice","volume":"62","author":"R Mukkamala","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0339755.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8030337","article-title":"How effective is pulse arrival time for evaluating blood pressure? Challenges and recommendations from a study using the MIMIC database","volume":"8","author":"Y Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339755.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22767","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01358-4","article-title":"Pulse arrival time as a surrogate of blood pressure","volume":"11","author":"E Finnegan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339755.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16373","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73143-8","article-title":"Conventional pulse transit times as markers of blood pressure changes in humans","volume":"10","author":"RC Block","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0339755.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-216399","article-title":"Pulse arrival time, a novel sleep cardiovascular marker: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"76","author":"Y Kwon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0339755.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-022-00899-z","article-title":"Pulse transit time-estimated blood pressure: a comparison of beat-to-beat and intermittent measurement","volume":"45","author":"S Hoshide","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637551","DOI":"10.3389\/fnetp.2025.1637551","article-title":"Walking-induced inertial effects on the cardiovascular system","volume":"5","author":"A Rosato","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Netw Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937130","DOI":"10.3389\/fnetp.2022.937130","article-title":"Long- and short-term fluctuations compared for several organ systems across sleep stages","volume":"2","author":"J Zschocke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Netw Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2022.103865","article-title":"Novel and robust auxiliary indicators to ankle-brachial index using multi-site pulse arrival time and detrended fluctuation analysis for peripheral arterial disease assessment","volume":"77","author":"G Geng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0339755.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1209\/epl\/i1999-00525-0","article-title":"Sleep-wake differences in scaling behavior of the human heartbeat: analysis of terrestrial and long-term space flight data","volume":"48","author":"PCh Ivanov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Europhys Lett"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0339755.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3736","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.85.3736","article-title":"Correlated and uncorrelated regions in heart-rate fluctuations during sleep","volume":"85","author":"A Bunde","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"051908","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.65.051908","article-title":"Characterization of sleep stages by correlations in the magnitude and sign of heartbeat increments","volume":"65","author":"JW Kantelhardt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys"},{"issue":"52","key":"pone.0339755.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18223","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408243101","article-title":"Endogenous circadian rhythm in an index of cardiac vulnerability independent of changes in behavior","volume":"101","author":"K Hu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339755.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2024.10.010","article-title":"Future of sleep medicine: novel approaches and measures derived from physiologic systems dynamics (Part I)","volume":"20","author":"PC Ivanov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335808","DOI":"10.3389\/fnetp.2023.1335808","article-title":"Gradients of O-information highlight synergy and redundancy in physiological applications","volume":"3","author":"T Scagliarini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Netw Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361915","DOI":"10.3389\/fnetp.2024.1361915","article-title":"The constrained-disorder principle defines the functions of systems in nature","volume":"4","author":"Y Ilan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Netw Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315316","DOI":"10.3389\/fnetp.2024.1315316","article-title":"The contribution of\u00a0Granger\u00a0causality analysis to our understanding of cardiovascular homeostasis: from cardiovascular and respiratory interactions to central autonomic network control","volume":"4","author":"V Pichot","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Netw Physiol"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref027","unstructured":"Fuchs K, Schumann AY, Kuhnhold A, Guzik P, Piskorski J, Schmidt G, et al. Comparing analysis of heart rate and blood pressure fluctuations in healthy subjects. Proc. 6th Conference of the European Study Group on Cardiovascular Oscillations; Berlin, Germany; 2010."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0339755.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2016.08.009","article-title":"Definition and importance of autonomic arousal in patients with sleep disordered breathing","volume":"11","author":"W Bartels","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref029","unstructured":"Pe\u0148\u00e1z J. Photoelectric measurement of blood pressure, volume and flow in the finger. Digest of the 10th International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering. Dresden, Germany; 1973. 104 p."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0339755.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(01)00009-9","article-title":"The use of the Hilbert transform in ECG signal analysis","volume":"31","author":"D Benitez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0339755.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.7.943","article-title":"Aging effects on cardiac and respiratory dynamics in healthy subjects across sleep stages","volume":"33","author":"AY Schumann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339755.ref032","first-page":"5","article-title":"Criteria for set point estimation in the volume clamp method of blood pressure measurement","volume":"41","author":"J Pe\u0148\u00e1z","year":"1992","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0339755.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00067-4","article-title":"Fifteen years experience with finger arterial pressure monitoring: assessment of the technology","volume":"38","author":"BP Imholz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S148543","article-title":"Blood-pressure variability in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: current perspectives","volume":"10","author":"O Marrone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0339755.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.49.1685","article-title":"Mosaic organization of DNA nucleotides","volume":"49","author":"CK Peng","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Top"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4371(01)00144-3","article-title":"Detecting long-range correlations with detrended fluctuation analysis","volume":"295","author":"JW Kantelhardt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys A: Stat Mech Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339755.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00657.2005","article-title":"Pulse transit time measured from the ECG: an unreliable marker of beat-to-beat blood pressure","volume":"100","author":"RA Payne","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0339755.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"075010","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/aac7ac","article-title":"Comparison of photoplethysmogram measured from wrist and finger and the effect of measurement location on pulse arrival time","volume":"39","author":"S Rajala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0339755.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1097\/MBP.0000000000000124","article-title":"Validation of the Somnotouch-NIBP noninvasive continuous blood pressure monitor according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol revision 2010","volume":"20","author":"G Bilo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Press Monit"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0339755.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1981.tb01545.x","article-title":"Pulse transit time as an indicator of arterial blood pressure","volume":"18","author":"LA Geddes","year":"1981","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0339755.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/28\/3\/R01","article-title":"Photoplethysmography and its application in clinical physiological measurement","volume":"28","author":"J Allen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0339755.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(41)90966-3","article-title":"The form of the volume pulse in the finger pad in health, arteriosclerosis, and hypertension","volume":"21","author":"JB Dillon","year":"1941","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0339755.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/22\/3\/301","article-title":"Relation between heart rate and pulse transit time during paced respiration","volume":"22","author":"MJ Drinnan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0339755.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001478","article-title":"Age-related changes in peripheral pulse timing characteristics at the ears, fingers and toes","volume":"16","author":"J Allen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0339755.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-0961.2003.00516.x","article-title":"Quantification of inspiratory-induced vasoconstrictive episodes: a comparison of laser Doppler fluxmetry and photoplethysmography","volume":"23","author":"R Rauh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0339755.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1030371","article-title":"Determination of age-related increases in large artery stiffness by digital pulse contour analysis","volume":"103","author":"SC Millasseau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0339755.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.36.6.952","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of the digital volume pulse","volume":"36","author":"SC Millasseau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0339755.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02345755","article-title":"Continuous estimation of systolic blood pressure using the pulse arrival time and intermittent calibration","volume":"38","author":"W Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172688","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1172688","article-title":"Towards continuous non-invasive blood pressure measurements-interpretation of the vasculature response to cuff inflation","volume":"14","author":"J Loureiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0339755.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2005.03.019","article-title":"Statistical analysis of fluctuations in the ECG morphology","volume":"354","author":"R Bartsch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications"},{"issue":"21","key":"pone.0339755.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2008.04.023","article-title":"Comparison of detrending methods for fluctuation analysis","volume":"387","author":"A Bashan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys A: Stat Mech Appl"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"011114","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.64.011114","article-title":"Effect of trends on detrended fluctuation analysis","volume":"64","author":"K Hu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"041107","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.65.041107","article-title":"Effect of nonstationarities on detrended fluctuation analysis","volume":"65","author":"Z Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"011104","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.71.011104","article-title":"Effect of nonlinear filters on detrended fluctuation analysis","volume":"71","author":"Z Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"031101","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.81.031101","article-title":"Effect of extreme data loss on long-range correlated and anticorrelated signals quantified by detrended fluctuation analysis","volume":"81","author":"QDY Ma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00315","article-title":"Revisiting detrended fluctuation analysis","volume":"2","author":"RM Bryce","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0339755.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"033305","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.99.033305","article-title":"Theoretical foundation of detrending methods for fluctuation analysis such as detrended fluctuation analysis and detrending moving average","volume":"99","author":"M H\u00f6ll","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0339755","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T17:39:32Z","timestamp":1782927572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0339755"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Haipeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0339755","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}}}