{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:03:07Z","timestamp":1787022187735,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic disorder responsible for most diabetes cases. The role of\n                      <jats:italic>vitamin D receptor<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) gene variants in T2DM susceptibility has been investigated previously; however, the results are contradictory, particularly among diverse ethnic groups. This study aimed to investigate the association between\n                      <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene polymorphisms and T2DM in a sample of the Iranian population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from 976 participants of the phase 3 Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS) were analyzed. Five\n                      <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphisms (ApaI, TaqI, EcoRV, FokI, and BsmI) were genotyped and assessed among diabetic (DM), prediabetic (preDM), and healthy participants. We employed logistic regression models to evaluate the association of\n                      <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphisms with preDM and DM, accounting for potential confounding factors, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and vitamin D levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated a significant relationship between the ApaI polymorphism (rs7975232) and the risk of developing preDM or DM. Specifically, individuals with the\n                      <jats:italic>CC<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype exhibited a 66% increased likelihood of progressing to preDM or DM compared to those with the\n                      <jats:italic>AA<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype [OR: 1.66 (1.07, 2.56)]. In examining the\n                      <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                      dominant state, individuals carrying at least one\n                      <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                      allele (\n                      <jats:italic>AA<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>AC<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotypes) were found to be 35% less likely to develop preDM or DM when compared to those with the\n                      <jats:italic>CC<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype [OR: 0.65 (0.43, 0.97)]. No significant associations were identified for the other polymorphisms (TaqI, EcoRV, FokI, and BsmI).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings indicate that the\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      allele of the ApaI polymorphism may be associated with an increased susceptibility to T2DM in this population, underscoring the\n                      <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene\u2019s role in T2DM risk and pointing to potential personalized prevention and management strategies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0339758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T18:32:45Z","timestamp":1770661965000},"page":"e0339758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of VDR gene polymorphisms with prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in a sample of the Iranian population"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Dorsa","family":"Salabat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2184-7043","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nekoo","family":"Panahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noushin","family":"Fahimfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Saeedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanieh","family":"Radkhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbasali","family":"Keshtkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid Reza","family":"Aghaei Meybodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afshin","family":"Ostovar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bagher","family":"Larijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahsa","family":"M. 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