{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T10:00:45Z","timestamp":1769767245307,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate serum calprotectin levels in patients with definite M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease (MD) and to investigate their association with symptom duration and disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n Thirty-nine patients (16 males, 23 females; mean age 37.2 \u00b1 11.9 years) diagnosed with definite MD according to the AAO\u2013HNS criteria and 28 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (14 males, 14 females; mean age 39.2 \u00b1 13.3 years) without vestibular or auditory complaints were included. Individuals with active infection, autoimmune or chronic inflammatory disease, recent antibiotic or steroid use, or other otologic pathologies were excluded. Serum calprotectin levels were measured during an acute vertigo attack in the MD group and once in controls. Between-group differences and correlations with clinical variables were analyzed using appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Mean serum calprotectin levels during acute attack were significantly higher in the MD group than in controls (1031 \u00b1 364 vs. 611 \u00b1 231 ng\/mL,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Within the MD group, calprotectin levels showed a strong positive correlation with symptom duration (Spearman\u2019s \u03c1 = 0.914,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). In patients with MD, calprotectin levels decreased significantly after treatment, from 1031 \u00b1 364 to 582 \u00b1 339 ng\/mL (mean difference 449 ng\/mL, 95% CI 353\u2013545;\n t<\/jats:italic>\n (38) = 9.46,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001; Cohen\u2019s\n d<\/jats:italic>\n = 1.51), indicating a large effec\n t<\/jats:italic>\n size.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Patients with M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease exhibit elevated serum calprotectin levels during acute attacks, which correlate strongly with symptom duration and decrease significantly after treatment. These findings suggest that calprotectin may be a potential inflammatory biomarker associated with disease burden and treatment response in MD; however, longitudinal studies with larger cohorts are needed to determine its diagnostic and prognostic utility.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0340121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T18:27:32Z","timestamp":1769711252000},"page":"e0340121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of serum calprotectin levels in m\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s patients and investigation of its effect on disease severity"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"H\u00fcseyin","family":"I\u015f\u0131k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8449-4965","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Deniz","family":"Baklaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuba","family":"Candar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duygu","family":"Erdem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7191-6209","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ergin","family":"Bilgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340121.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.21053\/ceo.2021.00920","article-title":"Cytokines and inflammation in meniere disease","volume":"15","author":"L Frejo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0340121.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370216681551","article-title":"Calprotectin in rheumatic diseases","volume":"242","author":"F Ometto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0340121.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215042244822","article-title":"Meniere\u2019s disease and allergy: allergens and cytokines","volume":"118","author":"E Keles","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"pone.0340121.ref004","article-title":"Prognostic implications of and audiometric evidence for hearing fluctuation in Meniere\u2019s disease","author":"M Hoa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340121.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-N2074","article-title":"A potential serological biomarker for inner ear pathologies: OTOLIN-1","volume":"42","author":"E Avallone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0340121.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2023.103295","article-title":"Circulating Calprotectin (cCLP) in autoimmune diseases","volume":"22","author":"M Manfredi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340121.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead405","article-title":"Calprotectin: two sides of the same coin","volume":"63","author":"V Carnazzo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340121.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.21053\/ceo.2019.00283","article-title":"A prognostic marker in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: serum calprotectin","volume":"13","author":"\u0130 Kuzucu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340121.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2017.12.002","article-title":"Intestinal permeability and M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s disease","volume":"39","author":"F Di Berardino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"}],"container-title":["PLOS 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