{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T18:24:26Z","timestamp":1775586266731,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SG Enable & Tote Board","award":["2022\/GC03\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/GC03\/18"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peer-led interventions show potential in supporting stroke survivors\u2019 recovery, but are described using inconsistent terms and definitions in the current literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adopting \u201cpost-stroke peer-coaching intervention\u201d as the overarching term, this study aims to synthesise the characteristics and outcomes of existing interventions for stroke survivors to develop a standardised definition and a consolidated summary of findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Summary of review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this scoping review, we searched 6 databases to identify relevant studies from peer-reviewed journal articles published between January 1993 and October 2025. Data were extracted and analysed regarding intervention definitions, characteristics, and outcomes. The search identified 6609 records, and 8 articles were included, which involved 7 post-stroke peer-coaching interventions. An overall inconsistency was observed across intervention definitions and characteristics. Based on common elements across existing interventions, this study developed an integrated definition, describing post-stroke peer-coaching interventions as a time-limited, patient-centred type of psychosocial and psycho-educational intervention that is ideally developed through participatory action research approaches, and delivers informational, emotional, and appraisal support with application of experiential expertise under the guidance of healthcare professionals. The analysis also revealed an inconsistency in intervention outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current post-stroke peer-coaching interventions demonstrated inconsistency across definitions, characteristics, and outcomes. To address the inconsistency, this review established a definition that outlines foundational conceptual parameters of the intervention. This proposed definition can serve as a standardised framework to inform the development of future interventions and ensure the provision of systematic support to individuals with stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0340169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T17:34:22Z","timestamp":1775583262000},"page":"e0340169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Peer-coaching interventions for stroke survivors - what works and how: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7586-6348","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yichao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul Victor","family":"Patinadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Amin","family":"Shaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6991-751X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hui Ling Michelle","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geraldine","family":"Tan-Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farrah Adystyaning","family":"Dewanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie Hui Ru","family":"Chng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0373-7043","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andy Hau Yan","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0340169.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610215000988","article-title":"Post-stroke depression and post-stroke anxiety: prevalence and predictors","volume":"27","author":"H Sch\u00f6ttke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0340169.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968318796341","article-title":"Course of Social Participation in the First 2 Years After Stroke and Its Associations With Demographic and Stroke-Related Factors","volume":"32","author":"DPJ Verberne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340169.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155231207265","article-title":"Recovery needs and psychosocial rehabilitation trajectory of stroke survivors (PReTS): A qualitative systematic review of systematic reviews","volume":"38","author":"MA Shaik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340169.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2018.1498544","article-title":"The key features and role of peer support within group self-management interventions for stroke? A systematic review","volume":"42","author":"E Clark","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0340169.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2024.104892","article-title":"Effects of a nurse-led peer support intervention on psychosocial outcomes of stroke survivors: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"160","author":"X Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0340169.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215521995671","article-title":"Supporting wellbeing through peer-befriending (SUPERB) for people with aphasia: A feasibility randomised controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"K Hilari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0340169.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2021.104001","article-title":"Effects of peer support interventions on physical and psychosocial outcomes among stroke survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"X Wan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340169.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2022.2028911","article-title":"Characteristics of peer-based interventions for individuals with neurological conditions: a scoping review","volume":"45","author":"S Aterman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0340169.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1108\/EJTD-04-2017-0031","article-title":"The nature of peer coaching: definitions, goals, processes and outcomes","volume":"41","author":"MS Hagen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Train Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340169.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-018-5033-2","article-title":"Peer support interventions for breast cancer patients: a systematic review","volume":"174","author":"J Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0340169.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12336","article-title":"Developing a novel peer support intervention to promote resilience after stroke","volume":"25","author":"E Sadler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community"},{"key":"pone.0340169.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2010.03432.x","article-title":"Using peer mentoring for people with spinal cord injury to enhance self-efficacy beliefs and prevent medical complications","volume":"20","author":"I Ljungberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340169.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"H Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0340169.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0340169.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-014-0579-0","article-title":"PICO, PICOS and SPIDER: a comparison study of specificity and sensitivity in three search tools for qualitative systematic reviews","volume":"14","author":"AM Methley","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340169.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1177\/002204269502500303","article-title":"Drug Users versus Outreach Workers in Combating Aids: Preliminary Results of a Peer-Driven Intervention","volume":"25","author":"RS Broadhead","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Issues"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340169.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1037\/h0080312","article-title":"Designing a psychosocial intervention to teach coping flexibility","volume":"39","author":"CE Schwartz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340169.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06122-y","article-title":"Quality assessment with diverse studies (QuADS): an appraisal tool for methodological and reporting quality in systematic reviews of mixed- or multi-method studies","volume":"21","author":"R Harrison","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340169.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2011.01662.x","article-title":"Reviewing studies with diverse designs: the development and evaluation of a new tool","volume":"18","author":"R Sirriyeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0340169.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2018.1524521","article-title":"Getting back to life after stroke: co-designing a peer-led coaching intervention to enable stroke survivors to rebuild a meaningful life after stroke","volume":"42","author":"P Masterson-Algar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0340169.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3330","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006623","article-title":"Effect of peer education on stroke prevention: the prevent recurrence of all inner-city strokes through education randomized controlled trial","volume":"45","author":"IM Kronish","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0340169.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2024.2410766","article-title":"Acceptability, feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the Peer-led Hub-and-Spoke Community Aphasia Group program","volume":"39","author":"ML Rose","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aphasiology"},{"key":"pone.0340169.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-256","article-title":"Peer support for stroke survivors: a case study","volume":"14","author":"D Kessler","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0340169.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5015","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2021.1922519","article-title":"\u201cLoneliness can also kill:\u201d a qualitative exploration of outcomes and experiences of the SUPERB peer-befriending scheme for people with aphasia and their significant others","volume":"44","author":"B Moss","year":"2022","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0340169.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2012.06.003","article-title":"Peer education for secondary stroke prevention in inner-city minorities: design and methods of the prevent recurrence of all inner-city strokes through education randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"JZ Goldfinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"pone.0340169.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-019-0397-6","article-title":"Adjustment with aphasia after stroke: study protocol for a pilot feasibility randomised controlled trial for SUpporting wellbeing through PEeR Befriending (SUPERB)","volume":"5","author":"K Hilari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibility Stud"},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0340169.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.729863","article-title":"Community-based participatory research from the margin to the mainstream: are researchers prepared?","volume":"119","author":"CR Horowitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340169.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7489(02)00092-5","article-title":"Peer support within a health care context: a concept analysis","volume":"40","author":"C-L Dennis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"pone.0340169.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40842-017-0042-3","article-title":"Peer support of complex health behaviors in prevention and disease management with special reference to diabetes: systematic reviews","volume":"3","author":"EB Fisher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340169.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-07347-7","article-title":"Transition of care in stroke patients discharged home: a single-center prospective cohort study","volume":"21","author":"MJ de Mooij","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0340169.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407519836170","article-title":"Less in-person social interaction with peers among U.S. adolescents in the 21st century and links to loneliness","volume":"36","author":"JM Twenge","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Soc Pers Relatsh"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0340169","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T17:34:30Z","timestamp":1775583270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0340169"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Yilin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0340169","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]}}}