{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T08:02:51Z","timestamp":1770278571888,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s RESTORE Science Program","award":["NOAA-NOS-NCCOS-2019-2005608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NOAA-NOS-NCCOS-2019-2005608"]}]},{"name":"Deepwater Horizon Open Ocean Trustee Implementation Group"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Understanding abundance and trends of beaked whales in the heavily industrialized Gulf of America (formerly Gulf of Mexico), is critical for management but challenging with visual-based distance-sampling due to their elusive surface behavior. Acoustic-based distance-sampling methods rely on accurate modeling of detection probability as a function of distance from a recorder, requiring population-specific diving and acoustic behavior parameters, which is currently lacking for Gulf populations. To address this, we used passive acoustic tracking with two 4-channel High-Frequency Acoustic Recording Packages (HARPs) deployed off Louisiana (~1100 m depth) in 2021. Echolocation clicks detected on both recorders were localized in 3D to characterize acoustic and diving behavior. These data informed a Monte Carlo cue-based simulation to estimate the probability of detection by a near-seafloor single-sensor HARP. A trial-based approach also estimated detection probability as a function of range to a single-channel sensor deployed at the site. Results show species-specific differences. Goose-beaked whales (\n                    <jats:italic>Ziphius cavirostris<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), were detected for longer periods during foraging dives (n\u2009=\u200924 dives, mean: 20.5\u2009min; range: 7\u201342) compared with Blainville\u2019s (\n                    <jats:italic>Mesoplodon densirostris<\/jats:italic>\n                    , n\u2009=\u20092 dives, 13.6\u2009min; 11\u201316) and Gervais\u2019 (\n                    <jats:italic>Mesoplodon europaeus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , n\u2009=\u200924 dives, 12.7\u2009min; 7\u201319) beaked whales. Maximum dive depths also differed, with some goose-beaked whales foraging at or near the seafloor. Descent and ascent rates were similar within species but differed among them (1.34\/1.40 m\/s for goose-beaked and 1.15\/1.19 m\/s for Gervais\u2019 beaked whales). Source level and broadband directivity index were estimated at 225 dB\n                    <jats:sub>pp<\/jats:sub>\n                    re 1 \u03bcPa-1m and 26 dB for goose-beaked whales, and 218 dB\n                    <jats:sub>pp<\/jats:sub>\n                    re 1 \u03bcPa-1m and 20 dB for Gervais\u2019 beaked whales. Estimates were not possible for Blainville\u2019s beaked whales due to limited data. In both the Monte Carlo simulation and trial-based approach, detection probability declined sharply with ranges, reflecting the highly directional beam of beaked whale echolocation clicks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0340398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T18:22:37Z","timestamp":1770229357000},"page":"e0340398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beaked whale dive behavior and acoustic detection range off Louisiana using three-dimensional acoustic tracking"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2693-1105","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"H\u00e9lo\u00efse","family":"Frouin-Mouy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2401-8569","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kaitlin E.","family":"Frasier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Hildebrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7244-6819","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric R.","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean M.","family":"Wiggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lance P.","family":"Garrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa S.","family":"Soldevilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0340398.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028353","article-title":"Following a foraging fish-finder: diel habitat use of Blainville\u2019s beaked whales revealed by echolocation","volume":"6","author":"P Arranz","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340398.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092633","article-title":"First long-term behavioral records from Cuvier\u2019s beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) reveal record-breaking dives","volume":"9","author":"GS Schorr","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS 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