{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T23:53:54Z","timestamp":1767916434277,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coinfections between malaria and arboviruses such as Dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya Virus (CHIKV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) represent a significant clinical and public health challenge. The molecular pathogenesis of these coinfections is complex and poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and play a crucial role in the host response to infection. A comprehensive profile of miRNAs implicated in malaria-arbovirus coinfection could provide novel insights into disease mechanisms and reveal new targets for improved management and therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review will be conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search strategy will be executed in electronic databases (PubMed\/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL) from January 2000 onwards, with no language restrictions. Grey literature sources will also be searched. Included study designs will comprise observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) and clinical trials reporting primary data on miRNA expression. Two independent reviewers will screen records, extract data, and assess the risk of bias using appropriate tools (ROBINS-I, ROB-2, NIH tools). Data on study characteristics, patient demographics, confirmation of coinfection, miRNA profiling techniques, and differentially expressed miRNAs will be extracted. Given anticipated heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis will be performed. The strength of the evidence will be assessed using the GRADE approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review will provide comprehensive evidence on miRNA expression patterns associated with malaria-arbovirus coinfections. The findings will advance understanding of coinfection pathogenesis and identify potential biomarkers for improved diagnostics and therapeutics. It will also pioneer an exploration of cross-kingdom gene regulation by plant-derived miRNAs, establishing a foundation for future functional validation studies. Additionally, the miRNA profiles identified may provide foundations for developing novel therapeutic approaches, including nanoparticle-based delivery systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO registration number: PROSPERO CRD42024600379.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0340672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:25:48Z","timestamp":1767896748000},"page":"e0340672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MicroRNAs profiling in malaria and arbovirus coinfection: A systematic review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4303-8474","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrillene 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