{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T22:55:07Z","timestamp":1788044107378,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To combat growing prevalence of hypertension in Bangladesh, it is critical to have an in-depth understanding about quality of life (QOL) among people living with hypertension and related factors. In the recent COVID-19 pandemic the QOL of hypertensive people got downsized. This study aimed to measure QOL among hypertensive people in a selected tertiary hospital in Dhaka city, and its association with the basic characteristics of the patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted among randomly selected 300 hypertensive patients from two departments of Square Hospitals Limited, using the patient register record. Data were collected through face-to-face interview methods. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to assess the QOL of the subjects. Descriptive statistics were used to examine mean scores of quality of life. Cronbach\u2019s alpha coefficient and Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient were applied to estimate the internal consistency, and the level of agreement among different domains of WHOQOL-BREF, respectively. Chi-square test followed by binary regression analysis was used to measure the association between QOL domains and independent variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both overall WHOQOL-BREF and each domain had a good internal consistency, (r\u2009=\u20090.13\u20130.77, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The QOL among hypertensive patients was found poor in psychological (71%) and social (74.7%) domain and good in environment (63%) and physical (65%) domain. Backward binary regressions revealed that being older over 55 years (p\u2009=\u20090.01), diabetic (p\u2009=\u20090.02), having history of COVID-19 (p\u2009=\u20090.01) and poor monthly family income (USD\u2009\u2264\u2009853.14) (p\u2009=\u20090.01) were significantly associated with poor QOL in all domains. Moreover, older age (p\u2009=\u20090.01) and poor lifestyle (p\u2009=\u20090.02) were significantly associated with poor overall quality of life and poor perception of general health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results revealed low QOL in psychological and social domain, including significant factors associated with the poor QOL in all domains. Planning and implementation of effective interventions are needed to improve QOL among hypertensive patients targeted towards aged, diabetic, lower income group who had positive COVID-19 infection and poor lifestyle through health system strengthening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0340897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T18:42:11Z","timestamp":1768588931000},"page":"e0340897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Quality of life in hypertensive patients using the WHOQOL-BREF instrument in the post-pandemic Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2199-5353","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nasrin","family":"Akter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhana Faruque","family":"Zerin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilkis","family":"Banu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatema Afrin","family":"Kanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahnaz","family":"Begam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarder Mahmud","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0340897.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18014","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.14","article-title":"Hypertension","volume":"4","author":"S Oparil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340897.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0244-2","article-title":"The global epidemiology of hypertension","volume":"16","author":"KT Mills","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340897.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20643-1","article-title":"Trends in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in the Thai population, 2004 to 2020","volume":"24","author":"W Aekplakorn","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0340897.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026722","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults in rural Sylhet district of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"R Khanam","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0340897.ref005","article-title":"Anxiety and depression among hypertensive patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study from Kathmandu Metropolitan, Nepal","volume":"19","author":"D KC","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0340897.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13475","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192013475","article-title":"Changes in Prevalence and Determinants of Self-Reported Hypertension among Bangladeshi Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"19","author":"SK Mistry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0340897.ref007","first-page":"7866","article-title":"World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL) assessment","author":"S Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research. Cham: Springer International Publishing"},{"key":"pone.0340897.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2017.12.003","article-title":"Impact of psychological factors on the health-related quality of life of patients treated for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"105","author":"L Halimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340897.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-021-00378-1","article-title":"Health-related quality of life of refugees: a systematic review of studies using the WHOQOL-Bref instrument in general and clinical refugee populations in the community setting","volume":"15","author":"J Gagliardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340897.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01072-w","article-title":"Assessment of quality of life and its determinants in type-2 diabetes patients using the WHOQOL-BREF instrument in Bangladesh","volume":"22","author":"MF Amin","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340897.ref011","article-title":"Gender difference in domain-specific quality of life measured by modified WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire and their associated factors among older adults in a rural district in Bangladesh","volume":"20","author":"FMA Islam","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0340897.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20503121231208604","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121231208604","article-title":"Quality of life of stroke survivors in Bangladesh","volume":"11","author":"S Sarkar","year":"2023","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340897.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-07961-z","article-title":"Quality of life (QoL) among COVID-19 recovered healthcare workers in Bangladesh","volume":"22","author":"MU Rashid","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340897.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12562-w","article-title":"Association between comorbidity and health-related quality of life in a hypertensive population: a hospital-based study in Bangladesh","volume":"22","author":"A Mannan","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340897.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.21109\/kesmas.v17i4.6224","article-title":"Quality of Life of Hypertensive Patients Undergoing Chronic Disease Management Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"17","author":"WA Lolo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340897.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61010153","article-title":"Enhancing Therapy Adherence: Impact on Clinical Outcomes, Healthcare Costs, and Patient Quality of Life","volume":"61","author":"U Religioni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340897.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11129-5","article-title":"The effect of high blood pressure-health literacy, self-management behavior, self-efficacy and social support on the health-related quality of life of Kazakh hypertension patients in a low-income rural area of China: a structural equation model","volume":"21","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0340897.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13941","article-title":"Relationship between health-related quality of life and blood pressure control in patients with uncontrolled hypertension","volume":"22","author":"CJ Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0340897.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057495","article-title":"Association among high blood pressure health literacy, social support and health-related quality of life among a community population with hypertension: a community-based cross-sectional study in China","volume":"12","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340897.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038975","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension in selected urban and rural areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh: findings from SHASTO baseline survey","volume":"11","author":"M Hasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"pone.0340897.ref021","unstructured":"Top Ten Hospitals in Dhaka City | Assure Group| Assure Blog [Internet]. assuregroupbd.com. Available from: https:\/\/www.assuregroupbd.com\/media\/blog\/top-ten-hospitals-in-dhaka-city"},{"key":"pone.0340897.ref022","volume-title":"Square Hospital [Internet]","author":"Square Hospitals Ltd","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0340897.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-833","article-title":"Quality of life among people living with hypertension in a rural Vietnam community","volume":"14","author":"NT Ha","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0340897.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.deman.2022.100106","article-title":"Effects of traditional versus m-Health educational interventions for diabetic patients: a randomised controlled trial in peripheral district of Bangladesh","volume":"9","author":"B Banu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Epidemiology and 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Skevington","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0340897.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268150","article-title":"Health related quality of life among adult hypertensive patients on treatment in Dessie City, Northeast Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"K Adamu","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340897.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-014-0613-z","article-title":"Assessment of health-related quality of life among hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional study from Palestine","volume":"22","author":"SW Al-Jabi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340897.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.069622","article-title":"Equitable Care for Hypertension: Blood Pressure and Patient-Reported Outcomes of the RICH LIFE Cluster Randomized 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patients with diabetes mellitus in Egypt during pandemic: a developing country single-center study","volume":"13","author":"M Abdelghani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetol Int"}],"container-title":["PLOS 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