{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T03:27:24Z","timestamp":1772249244435,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Stanford Medical Student Association"},{"name":"Stanford MedScholars"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a highly visible cutaneous condition that has been associated with cardiometabolic factors, drugs, or malignancy in various populations. AN can be challenging to treat. Transmasculine patients are a special population, but their AN prevalence, and whether AN associates with demographic factors, co-morbidities and gender affirming care (GAC) treatment types have not been well-studied. Our study explores whether GAC treatment type is associated with AN while controlling for confounders in a large group of transmasculine patients at an academic center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following Institutional Review Board approval, the Stanford Research Repository (01\/01\/2016\u201321\/09\/2023) was searched to identify transmasculine patients for individual chart review. The primary outcome was AN and its association with demographic factors, co-morbidities, and gender-affirming care (GAC) treatment type by multivariate logistic regression (presented as Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI)).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 945 transmasculine patients, AN prevalence was 4.55%, an elevated rate compared to the overall database prevalence of 0.3% for the same period. Prevalence of AN in transmasculine patients never exposed to GAC was 4.02% (7\/174). Median age was 20.1 years (interquartile range (IQR) 17.2\u201325.4). On multivariate logistic regression, AN was associated with obesity (OR 9.31, 95% CI 4.40\u201320.33), metabolic syndrome (OR 4.04, 95% CI 1.09\u201315.23), prediabetes (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.10\u20138.54), hypertension (OR 2.74, 95% CI 0.96\u20137.18), and Hispanic ethnicity (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.12\u20135.25). GAC type (including exogenous testosterone usage) was not associated with AN, despite &gt;99% power to detect a 10% difference in AN prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Because AN is enriched in transmasculine patients, and precedes co-morbidities in a majority of cases, dermatologists and other physicians should consider examination of common areas for AN in in transmasculine patients, as screening and diagnosis of co-morbidities could lead to improved health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0340907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T18:45:28Z","timestamp":1768243528000},"page":"e0340907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence, demographic factors, co-morbidities, and treatment types associated with acanthosis nigricans in a large cross-section of 900+ transmasculine patients: Data from a single academic center 2016\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3037-8680","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Twan","family":"Sia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9125-7208","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Farah","family":"Abou-Taleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shufeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2869-2147","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anne 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