{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T19:13:30Z","timestamp":1771442010426,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00c3\u00a7\u00c3\u00a3o de Amparo \u00c3\u00a0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00c3\u00a3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/14.522-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/14.522-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The infection by\n                    <jats:italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a significant challenge to sheep production in tropical regions, particularly in developing countries. Although several genomic studies have been conducted on this topic, there is still a lack of research combining evolutionary information on resistance and resilience to nematode infection. The aim of this study was to provide evidence of different types of selection and their effects on traits associated with infection levels and animal productivity, using pedigree, phenotypic, and genomic data. It was hypothesized that these patterns would reflect indirect artificial selection and relaxed natural selection. Phenotypic data were collected for Faecal Egg Count (FEC), Eye Color Chart (ECC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Total Plasma Protein (TPP), Body Weight (BW), and Body Condition Score (BCS) from 1,283 Santa In\u00eas sheep. A total of 638 animals were genotyped using the Ovine SNP50 BeadChip. After estimating breeding values using the BLUPF90 software, statistical models were employed to assess differences in the intensities of natural and artificial selection and to identify the type of selection acting on each trait, in comparison with classic studies of sexual selection. Selection signatures were investigated using Wright\u2019s fixation index, in addition to analyses of runs of homozygosity. The gene content of the identified regions and their associated pathways were examined using the Ensembl BioMart tool and the Panther Classification System, respectively, along with alignments of quantitative trait loci (QTL). BCS was found to be the best indirect trait correlated with parasitological traits, and selection intensity analysis showed that natural selection contributed 76%, compared to 24% from artificial selection. Traits such as BW, PCV, and TPP exhibited directional selection, while FEC and ECC varied according to the challenge level applied. A total of 15 selection signatures were identified (11 for natural selection and 4 for artificial selection), with 9 overlapping with islands of homozygosity, encompassing 131 genes and 49 QTL. A critical analysis revealed that both types of selection contribute to the phenomena of resistance and resilience. However, evidence of directional selection, hard sweeps, and functional enrichment of innate immunity was found for artificial selection, while natural selection exhibited evidence of stabilizing selection, soft sweeps, and functional enrichment of adaptive immunity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0340970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T18:29:41Z","timestamp":1771439381000},"page":"e0340970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Artificial and natural selection components reveal the mechanisms of tropical sheep populations against gastrointestinal parasites"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5027-6449","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leonardo Sartori","family":"Menegatto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karine Assis","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Dutra","family":"do Bem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luara Afonso","family":"de Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiza Vage Coelho","family":"Sartori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Peripolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6432-2330","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nedenia Bonvino","family":"Stafuzza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia Cristina Paro","family":"de Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0340970.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.04.004","article-title":"Drug resistance mechanisms in helminths: is it survival of the fittest?","volume":"25","author":"CE James","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vpoa.2019.100019","article-title":"Morada Nova sheep breed: Resistant or resilient to Haemonchus contortus infection?","volume":"276","author":"JHB Toscano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.12.004","article-title":"Resistance of Santa Ines, Suffolk and Ile de France sheep to naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode infections","volume":"120","author":"AFT Amarante","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2003.12.004","article-title":"Influence of reproduction status on susceptibility of Santa In\u00eas and Ile de France ewes to nematode parasitism","volume":"55","author":"RA Rocha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Small Rumin Res"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.5433\/1679-0359.2011v32n4Sup1p1921","article-title":"Susceptibilidade a nematoides em ovelhas Santa In\u00eas, Bergam\u00e1cia e Texel no Noroeste do Paran\u00e1","volume":"32","author":"AA Mexia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Ci\u00eanc Agr\u00e1r"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340970.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg999","article-title":"Signatures of natural selection in the human genome","volume":"4","author":"M Bamshad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.39.073003.112420","article-title":"Molecular signatures of natural selection","volume":"39","author":"R Nielsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0340970.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176780","article-title":"The distribution of runs of homozygosity and selection signatures in six commercial meat sheep breeds","volume":"12","author":"DC Purfield","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340970.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004668","article-title":"A genome wide survey of SNP variation reveals the genetic structure of sheep breeds","volume":"4","author":"JW Kijas","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340970.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001258","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of the world\u2019s sheep breeds reveals high levels of historic mixture and strong recent selection","volume":"10","author":"JW Kijas","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0340970.ref011","article-title":"Selection signatures in worldwide sheep populations","volume":"9","author":"International Sheep Genomics Consortium","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0340970.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3324","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu264","article-title":"Adaptations to climate-mediated selective pressures in sheep","volume":"31","author":"F-H Lv","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0340970.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5616","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13415","article-title":"Whole-genome resequencing uncovers molecular signatures of natural and sexual selection in wild bighorn sheep","volume":"24","author":"M Kardos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-3212-2","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis reveals signatures of selection for important traits in domestic sheep from different ecoregions","volume":"17","author":"Z Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7623","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07382-7","article-title":"Genomic signatures of adaptive introgression from European mouflon into domestic sheep","volume":"7","author":"M Barbato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4447-x","article-title":"Revealing the selection history of adaptive loci using genome-wide scans for selection: an example from domestic sheep","volume":"19","author":"CM Rochus","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-5537-0","article-title":"High-density genotyping reveals signatures of selection related to acclimation and economically important traits in 15 local sheep breeds from Russia","volume":"20","author":"AA Yurchenko","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12711-020-00545-7","article-title":"On the origin of European sheep as revealed by the diversity of the Balkan breeds and by optimizing population-genetic analysis tools","volume":"52","author":"E Ciani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genet Sel Evol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0340970.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11092696","article-title":"Detection and Visualization of Heterozygosity-Rich Regions and Runs of Homozygosity in Worldwide Sheep Populations","volume":"11","author":"A Selli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-13-10","article-title":"Genomic scan of selective sweeps in thin and fat tail sheep breeds for identifying of candidate regions associated with fat deposition","volume":"13","author":"MH Moradi","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340970.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.112.147231","article-title":"Detecting signatures of selection through haplotype differentiation among hierarchically structured populations","volume":"193","author":"MI Fariello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-14-76","article-title":"Signatures of selection identify loci associated with milk yield in sheep","volume":"14","author":"B Moioli","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-637","article-title":"Signatures of selection in sheep bred for resistance or susceptibility to gastrointestinal nematodes","volume":"15","author":"KM McRae","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1071\/AN14826","article-title":"Genomic scan for identifying candidate genes for paratuberculosis resistance in sheep","volume":"56","author":"B Moioli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim Prod Sci"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2017.01.006","article-title":"Genome-wide search for signatures of selection in three major Brazilian locally adapted sheep breeds","volume":"197","author":"JJS Gouveia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-6150-y","article-title":"Signatures of selection for resistance to Haemonchus contortus in sheep and goats","volume":"20","author":"ZM Estrada-Reyes","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2824","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59839-x","article-title":"Genomic scan of selective sweeps in Djallonk\u00e9 (West African Dwarf) sheep shed light on adaptation to harsh environments","volume":"10","author":"I \u00c1lvarez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340970.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122797","article-title":"Identification of novel loci associated with gastrointestinal parasite resistance in a Red Maasai x Dorper backcross population","volume":"10","author":"MV Benavides","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0340970.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008461","article-title":"The genetic architecture of helminth-specific immune responses in a wild population of Soay sheep (Ovis aries)","volume":"15","author":"AM Sparks","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0340970.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(87)90103-2","article-title":"The genetics of resistance and resilience to Haemonchus contortus infection in young merino sheep","volume":"17","author":"GA Albers","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982010001300026","article-title":"Genetics and breeding of sheep in Brazil","volume":"39","author":"C McManus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Bras Zootecn"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/413673","article-title":"Behavioral aspects of animal domestication","volume":"59","author":"EO Price","year":"1984","journal-title":"Q Rev Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340970.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00344.x","article-title":"On the measurement of natural and sexual selection: theory","volume":"38","author":"SJ Arnold","year":"1984","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340970.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00345.x","article-title":"On the measurement of natural and sexual selection: applications","volume":"38","author":"SJ Arnold","year":"1984","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.27468","volume-title":"The genetical theory of natural selection","author":"RA Fisher","year":"1930","edition":"1"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref036","first-page":"402","article-title":"Quantitative genetic analysis of multivariate evolution, applied to brain:body size allometry","volume":"33","author":"R Lande","year":"1979","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0340970.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3721","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.6.3721","article-title":"Models of speciation by sexual selection on polygenic traits","volume":"78","author":"R Lande","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0340970.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1983.tb00236.x","article-title":"The measurement of selection on correlated characters","volume":"37","author":"R Lande","year":"1983","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340970.ref039","first-page":"253","article-title":"Sexual selection and resource-accruing abilities in anolis garmani","volume":"30","author":"RL Trivers","year":"1976","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0340970.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1988.tb02507.x","article-title":"Estimating the form of natural selection on a quantitative trait","volume":"42","author":"D Schluter","year":"1988","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(95)90080-2","article-title":"A comparison of the mast cell and eosinophil responses of sheep and goats to gastrointestinal nematode infections","volume":"58","author":"JF Huntley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.E800011-JLR200","article-title":"HDL and innate immunity: a tale of two apolipoproteins","volume":"49","author":"C Grunfeld","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.111392","article-title":"Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis promotes the production of 1-octen-3-ol through mevalonic acid","volume":"158","author":"Y Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340970.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2010.09.028","article-title":"Enzymes of the mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis","volume":"505","author":"HM Miziorko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731110001564","article-title":"Distribution and quantification of \u03b2-3 adrenergic receptor in tissues of sheep","volume":"5","author":"JL Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Animal"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0340970.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8395","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-012-1690-0","article-title":"SNP variation in ADRB3 gene reflects the breed difference of sheep populations","volume":"39","author":"J Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0340970.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/age.13266","article-title":"Genetic basis of muscle-related traits in sheep: A review","volume":"53","author":"R Talebi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0340970.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00829-6","article-title":"Adrenergic regulation of immune cell function and inflammation","volume":"42","author":"D Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref049","first-page":"287","article-title":"Parasitism, opioid systems and host behavior","volume":"2","author":"M Kavaliers","year":"1992","journal-title":"Advances in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0340970.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.2174\/138945008785909356","article-title":"Enkephalinase inhibitors: potential agents for the management of pain","volume":"9","author":"V Thanawala","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2019.05.001","article-title":"Enkephalins and ACTH in the mammalian nervous system","volume":"111","author":"E Duque-D\u00edaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vitam Horm"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340970.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001419","article-title":"Dual enkephalinase inhibitor PL265: a novel topical treatment to alleviate corneal pain and inflammation","volume":"160","author":"A Reaux-Le Goazigo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340970.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00937-z","article-title":"Novel Analgesics with Peripheral Targets","volume":"17","author":"CI Ciotu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(00)00189-6","article-title":"Cellular profiles in the abomasal mucosa and lymph node during primary infection with Haemonchus contortus in sheep","volume":"75","author":"A Balic","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.11.021","article-title":"Relationship of abomasal histology and parasite-specific immunoglobulin A with the resistance to Haemonchus contortus infection in three breeds of sheep","volume":"128","author":"AFT Amarante","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"6854","key":"pone.0340970.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/35096564","article-title":"Histamine regulates T-cell and antibody responses by differential expression of H1 and H2 receptors","volume":"413","author":"M Jutel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0340970.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1994.tb00257.x","article-title":"Types of serotonergic receptors involved in the control of reticulo-ruminal myoelectric activity in sheep","volume":"17","author":"P Brikas","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0340970.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2782","article-title":"Mast cell-orchestrated immunity to pathogens","volume":"10","author":"SN Abraham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340970.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-018-1023-x","article-title":"Immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants: effector cell mechanisms and cytokines","volume":"42","author":"SHM Hendawy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref060","first-page":"3562672","article-title":"Innate Immune Responses Associated with Resistance against Haemonchus contortus in Morada Nova Sheep","volume":"2019","author":"JHB Toscano","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340970.ref061","first-page":"131","article-title":"Molecular bases for the anti-parasitic effect of NO (Review)","volume":"9","author":"M Colasanti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0340970.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3351","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.8.3351-3353.1996","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide in host defense against an extracellular, metazoan parasite, Brugia malayi","volume":"64","author":"TV Rajan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.07.012","article-title":"Gastrointestinal nematode challenge induces some conserved gene expression changes in the gut mucosa of genetically resistant sheep","volume":"38","author":"A Ingham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0340970.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1879","article-title":"The evolution of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases as regulators of growth and metabolism","volume":"7","author":"JA Engelman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0340970.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180617","article-title":"Activated PIK3CD drives innate B cell expansion yet limits B cell-intrinsic immune responses","volume":"215","author":"MN Wray-Dutra","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340970.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(01)02242-6","article-title":"Protein kinase B (PKB\/Akt)--a key regulator of glucose transport?","volume":"492","author":"E Hajduch","year":"2001","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340970.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20081056","article-title":"The life of a cell: apoptosis regulation by the PI3K\/PKB pathway","volume":"415","author":"V Duronio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340970.ref068","article-title":"Neuron-specific SALM5 limits inflammation in the CNS via its interaction with HVEM","volume":"2","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340970.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/age.12772","article-title":"Detecting selection signatures in three Iranian sheep breeds","volume":"50","author":"Z Manzari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim Genet"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-017-0190-4","article-title":"Genomic regions and pathways associated with gastrointestinal parasites resistance in Santa In\u00eas breed adapted to tropical climate","volume":"8","author":"MP Berton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00111","article-title":"The Effects of \u03b2-Alanine Supplementation on Muscle pH and the Power-Duration Relationship during High-Intensity Exercise","volume":"9","author":"MI Black","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0340970.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20112768","article-title":"Calcium Signaling Pathways: Key Pathways in the Regulation of Obesity","volume":"20","author":"Z Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340970.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.160176","article-title":"Role of TRPM2 channel in mediating H2O2-induced Ca2+ entry and endothelial hyperpermeability","volume":"102","author":"CM Hecquet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0340970.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3704","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11223704","article-title":"The Role of NO\/sGC\/cGMP\/PKG Signaling Pathway in Regulation of Platelet Function","volume":"11","author":"S Gambaryan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0340970.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1996.258","article-title":"Aldosterone and potassium homeostasis","volume":"49","author":"L Rabinowitz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0340970.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.10.12.15858","article-title":"mTOR signaling in protein homeostasis: less is more?","volume":"10","author":"CS Conn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340970.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(84)80260-X","article-title":"Phospholipase activity and plasma membrane homeostasis","volume":"111","author":"JA Scott","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340970.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.06.001","article-title":"Vitamin D signaling in calcium and bone homeostasis: a delicate balance","volume":"29","author":"G Carmeliet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-012-1171-2","article-title":"Renal renin secretion as regulator of body fluid homeostasis","volume":"465","author":"M Damkj\u00e6r","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0340970.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1630","article-title":"Negative regulation of toll-like receptor-mediated immune responses","volume":"5","author":"FY Liew","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340970.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10040254","article-title":"Identifying Selection Signatures for Backfat Thickness in Yorkshire Pigs Highlights New Regions Affecting Fat Metabolism","volume":"10","author":"H Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2014.10.016","article-title":"Immune response of lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and parenterally treated with a combination of zinc and copper","volume":"123","author":"AS Schafer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340970.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.2.527","article-title":"The OX-44 molecule couples to signaling pathways and is associated with CD2 on rat T lymphocytes and a natural killer cell line","volume":"175","author":"GM Bell","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340970.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.4.1962","article-title":"IL-5 production by NK cells contributes to eosinophil infiltration in a mouse model of allergic inflammation","volume":"161","author":"C Walker","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340970.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01607-5","article-title":"Do eosinophils have a role in the killing of helminth parasites?","volume":"16","author":"EN Meeusen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0340970.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3265","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13203265","article-title":"Whole Genome Resequencing Reveals Selection Signals Related to Wool Color in Sheep","volume":"13","author":"W Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00649-0","article-title":"FOXO transcription factors as mediators of stress adaptation","volume":"25","author":"MJ Rodriguez-Colman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340970.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.3511","article-title":"Protein kinase C-alpha participates in FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis in macrophages","volume":"276","author":"A Breton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340970.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11030310","article-title":"The Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-\u03baB) in the Immune Response against Parasites","volume":"11","author":"P B\u0105ska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340970.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-018-9832-1","article-title":"Divergent Selection of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Mammals with Different Ecological Characteristics","volume":"86","author":"R Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12918-014-0116-0","article-title":"The role of TGF-\u03b2 signaling and apoptosis in innate and adaptive immunity in zebrafish: a systems biology approach","volume":"8","author":"C Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Syst Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2023.100637","article-title":"The effects of NOD-like receptors on adaptive immune responses","volume":"47","author":"BK Tsankov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0340970.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2682","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1901337","article-title":"UBX Domain Protein 6 Positively Regulates JAK-STAT1\/2 Signaling","volume":"206","author":"H Ketkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1071\/AN09146","article-title":"The merit of condition score and fat score as alternatives to liveweight for managing the nutrition of ewes","volume":"51","author":"AJ Van Burgel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim Prod Sci"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2023.106983","article-title":"Estimates of genetic parameters for indicator traits of resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes and growth traits in Santa In\u00eas sheep","volume":"224","author":"RDd Bem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340970.ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.108.092221","article-title":"A genome-scan method to identify selected loci appropriate for both dominant and codominant markers: a Bayesian perspective","volume":"180","author":"M Foll","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0340970.ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2002036","article-title":"The FAMACHA system for managing haemonchosis in sheep and goats by clinically identifying individual animals for treatment","volume":"33","author":"JA van Wyk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.12.030","article-title":"Application of ROC curve analysis to FAMACHA\u00a9 evaluation of haemonchosis on two sheep farms in South Africa","volume":"177","author":"DP Reynecke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.19.0634","article-title":"Genetic parameters for worm resistance in Santa In\u00eas sheep using the Bayesian animal model","volume":"34","author":"FN Rodrigues","journal-title":"Anim Biosci"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1590\/s0100-204x2018001200006","article-title":"Estimates of genetic parameters and cluster analysis for worm resistance and resilience in Santa In\u00eas meat sheep","volume":"53","author":"EJ Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pesq Agropec Bras"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0340970.ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/jbg.12424","article-title":"Genetic parameter estimates for gastrointestinal nematode parasite resistance and maternal efficiency indicator traits in Santa In\u00eas breed","volume":"136","author":"MP Berton","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anim Breed Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-016-0717-0","article-title":"Measurement of muscle mass in sarcopenia: from imaging to biochemical markers","volume":"29","author":"M Tosato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0340970.ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.03.007","article-title":"Genomic Regions Associated with Sheep Resistance to Gastrointestinal Nematodes","volume":"32","author":"MV Benavides","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0340970.ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1086\/700115","article-title":"Natural Selection on Antihelminth Antibodies in a Wild Mammal Population","volume":"192","author":"AM Sparks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"issue":"5521","key":"pone.0340970.ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1126\/science.292.5521.1528","article-title":"Age, sex, density, winter weather, and population crashes in Soay sheep","volume":"292","author":"T Coulson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref106","first-page":"89","article-title":"Vegetation and sheep population dynamics.","volume-title":"Soay Sheep: Dynamics and Selection in an Island Population","author":"MJ Crawley","year":"2004"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref107","first-page":"17","article-title":"Parasites and their impact.","volume-title":"Soay Sheep: Dynamics and Selection in an Island Population","author":"K Wilson","year":"2004"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1127\/0941-2948\/2013\/0507","article-title":"K\u00f6ppen\u2019s climate classification map for Brazil","volume":"22","author":"CA Alvares","year":"2013","journal-title":"Meteorol. Zeitschrift"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref109","first-page":"50","article-title":"A new technique for counting nematode eggs in sheep feces","volume":"12","author":"HM Gordon","year":"1939","journal-title":"J Sci Ind Res"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9500099","article-title":"Methods for egg counts and larval cultures for strongyles infecting the gastro-intestinal tract of cattle","volume":"1","author":"FHS Roberts","year":"1950","journal-title":"Aust J Agric Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v80i1.539","article-title":"Morphological identification of parasitic nematode infective larvae of small ruminants and cattle: A practical lab guide","volume":"80","author":"JA Van Wyk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref112","volume-title":"Veterinary Haematology","author":"OW Schalm","year":"1975","edition":"3"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.1978.tb00774.x","article-title":"Morphological classification of the anemias","volume":"7","author":"OW Schalm","year":"1978","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2011.10.003","article-title":"Evaluation of models for estimation of genetic parameters and maternal effects for early growth traits of Iranian Baluchi sheep","volume":"104","author":"MA Abbasi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Research"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00296-0_5","article-title":"Pearson correlation coefficient.","volume-title":"Noise reduction in speech processing","author":"J Benesty","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(85)90107-9","article-title":"Resistance of exotic and domestic lambs to experimental infection with Haemonchus contortus","volume":"15","author":"CH Courtney","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2018.09.011","article-title":"Genomic study for maternal related traits in Santa In\u00eas sheep breed","volume":"217","author":"ST Amorim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Livestock Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2009.01639.x","article-title":"An ecologist\u2019s guide to the animal model","volume":"79","author":"AJ Wilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109640","article-title":"Cluster analysis to explore additive-genetic patterns for the identification of sheep resistant, resilient and susceptible to gastrointestinal nematodes","volume":"301","author":"LAd Freitas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref120","volume-title":"Manual for BLUPF90 family of programs","author":"I Misztal","year":"2022"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0340970.ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0388.2008.00774.x","article-title":"Reliable computing in estimation of variance components","volume":"125","author":"I Misztal","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Anim Breed Genet"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1963.10500845","article-title":"Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function","volume":"58","author":"JH Ward","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref123","first-page":"100","article-title":"A K-means clustering algorithm","volume":"28","author":"JA Hartigan","year":"1979","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc, C: Appl Stat"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340970.ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2730","article-title":"Hot topic: a unified approach to utilize phenotypic, full pedigree, and genomic information for genetic evaluation of Holstein final score","volume":"93","author":"I Aguilar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0340970.ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12382","article-title":"LEA: An R package for landscape and ecological association studies","volume":"6","author":"E Frichot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340970.ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.13173","article-title":"Genome-wide selection components analysis in a fish with male pregnancy","volume":"71","author":"SP Flanagan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0340970.ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12698","article-title":"A genomic selection component analysis characterizes migration-selection balance","volume":"69","author":"PJ Monnahan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340970.ref128","first-page":"323","article-title":"The genetical structure of populations","volume":"15","author":"S Wright","year":"1951","journal-title":"Ann Eugen"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref129","volume-title":"Genetic data analysis II: methods for discrete population genetic data","author":"BS Weir","year":"1996"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00318","article-title":"Genome-Wide Characterization of Selection Signatures and Runs of Homozygosity in Ugandan Goat Breeds","volume":"9","author":"RB Onzima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-6463-x","article-title":"How to study runs of homozygosity using PLINK? A guide for analyzing medium density SNP data in livestock and pet species","volume":"21","author":"R Meyermans","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12711-015-0169-6","article-title":"Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium and genetic diversity in five populations of Australian domestic sheep","volume":"47","author":"HA Al-Mamun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genet Sel Evol"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref133","first-page":"310","article-title":"Runs of homozygosity in Swakara pelt producing sheep: implications on sub-vital performance","volume":"21","author":"FC Muchadeyi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340970.ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/age.12634","article-title":"Runs of homozygosity reveal genome-wide autozygosity in Italian sheep breeds","volume":"49","author":"S Mastrangelo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340970.ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-018-1421-x","article-title":"Genomic diversity and population structure of three autochthonous Greek sheep breeds assessed with genome-wide DNA arrays","volume":"293","author":"S Michailidou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Genet Genomics"},{"key":"pone.0340970.ref136","article-title":"DAVID: a web server for functional enrichment analysis and functional annotation of gene lists (2021 update","volume":"50","author":"BT Sherman","year":"2022","journal-title":"). Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0340970.ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1987.tb02457.x","article-title":"Regression analysis of natural selection: statistical inference and biological interpretation","volume":"41","author":"T Mitchell-Olds","year":"1987","journal-title":"Evolution"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0340970","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T18:30:03Z","timestamp":1771439403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0340970"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Bambou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"references-count":137,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0340970","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]}}}