{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T22:50:54Z","timestamp":1768863054032,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009083","name":"Jerusalem College of Technology - Lev Academic Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergency department (ED) often serves as the first point of care for those with mental health conditions. Mental health-related visits to the ED tend to increase during and after public health crises. In Israel, the war that started in 2023 has had substantial adverse effects on the population\u2019s mental health, increasing the need for emergency services for people with mental health conditions. This article examines the perceptions and experiences of Israeli staff providing care to patients with mental health conditions in an ED of a tertiary-care hospital in Jerusalem. Based on an inductive thematic analysis of 24 semi-structured interviews with staff members, this study sheds new light on the staff\u2019s challenges in treating these patients. The study found that providers navigated a high level of stigma towards people with mental illness. Many providers were aware that negative perceptions of these patients were potentially harmful and may lead to diagnostic overshadowing, and in some cases, they tried to mitigate the effects of stigma. Staff often viewed patients with mental illness as inappropriate users of the ED, assuming limited responsibility for these patients. The findings also illuminate the providers\u2019 inadequate training and skills for treating and managing mental health, as well as organizational and structural constraints. The article recommends ways to improve the treatment of mental health in EDs, such as educational workshops, more support of mental health specialists in EDs, providing calm environments, working alongside experts by experience, and conducting person-centered risk assessments. EDs should strengthen collaboration and referral pathways to community-based mental health services. Moreover, the healthcare system must provide patients with alternative sources of care, such as community crisis centers. These steps can mitigate the expected post-war mental health crisis in Israeli EDs and are relevant to many other countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0340973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T18:32:35Z","timestamp":1768588355000},"page":"e0340973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experiences providing care to patients with mental health conditions in a tertiary care hospital emergency department in Jerusalem"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Zvika","family":"Orr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Levi","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan Avraham","family":"Alpert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3037-704X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark D.","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0340973.ref001","author":"ZJ Peters","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0340973.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.20m13241","article-title":"Increasing Emergency Department Visits for Mental Health Conditions in the United States","volume":"81","author":"KM Theriault","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0340973.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.4809","article-title":"National trends in mental health-related emergency department visits among youth, 2011-2020","volume":"329","author":"TJ Bommersbach","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref004","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref005","article-title":"Review: Systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative literature on young people\u2019s experiences of going to A&E\/emergency departments for mental health support","author":"G Cadorna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0340973.ref006","article-title":"Experiences of care for self-harm in the emergency department: comparison of the perspectives of patients, carers and practitioners","volume":"7","author":"S O\u2019Keeffe","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJPsych open"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340973.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12968","article-title":"What are the experiences and the perceptions of service users attending Emergency Department for a mental health crisis? A systematic review","volume":"31","author":"M Sacre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340973.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031377","article-title":"They told me \u201cthis isn\u2019t a hotel\u201d: Young people\u2019s experiences and perceptions of care when presenting to the emergency department with suicide-related behaviour","volume":"19","author":"J Freeman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.112974","article-title":"Stigmatisation of those with mental health conditions in the acute general hospital setting: a qualitative framework synthesis","volume":"255","author":"A Perry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340973.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.4402","article-title":"Trends in US Emergency Department Visits for Mental Health, Overdose, and Violence Outcomes Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"78","author":"KM Holland","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340973.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262136","article-title":"Emergency department utilization for substance use disorders and mental health conditions during COVID-19","volume":"17","author":"AK Venkatesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0340973.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2023.04.007","article-title":"Help! Caring for people with mental health problems in the emergency department: A qualitative study","volume":"49","author":"E Garc\u00eda-Carpintero B l a s","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref013","author":"S Pinchover","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102418","article-title":"PTSD, depression, and anxiety after the October 7, 2023 attack in Israel: a nationwide prospective study","volume":"68","author":"Y Levi-Belz","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.115973","article-title":"The mental health impact of the October 7th terror attack on Jews and Arabs in Israel: A nationwide prospective study","volume":"337","author":"Y Groweiss","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340973.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/18387357.2024.2395520","article-title":"Socio-cultural adaptation of Mental Health First Aid to insular religious communities: the case of ultra-Orthodox society in Israel","volume":"22","author":"Z Orr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Advances in Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340973.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84410-3","article-title":"The effects of war-related experiences on mental health symptoms of individuals living in conflict zones: a longitudinal study","volume":"15","author":"D Amsalem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref018","article-title":"The October 7, 2023 terrorist attack and the Iron Swords War \u2013 Providing Care for the Population","author":"The State Comptroller of Israel","year":"2025"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref019","author":"K Ginat","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref020","author":"Y Yehezkelli","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340973.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12040","article-title":"Emergency department staff attitudes towards mental health consumers: a literature review and thematic content analysis","volume":"23","author":"D Clarke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0340973.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10071297","article-title":"Patient and provider perspectives on emergency department care experiences among people with mental health concerns","volume":"10","author":"C Navas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340973.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.13264","article-title":"I have not come here because I have nothing better to do: The lived experience of presenting to the emergency department for people with a psychosocial disability and an NDIS plan-A qualitative study","volume":"33","author":"H McIntyre","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340973.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.13108","article-title":"Novice nurses\u2019 experiences in provision of mental ill health care within a regional emergency department: A descriptive qualitative study","volume":"32","author":"T Peart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340973.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-07476-7","article-title":"Staff perceptions of the management of mental health presentations to the emergency department of a rural Australian hospital: Qualitative study","volume":"22","author":"R Pawaskar","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0340973.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2022.2138653","article-title":"Nursing Staff\u2019s Experiences of Caring for People with Mental Ill-Health in General Emergency Departments: A Qualitative Descriptive Study","volume":"43","author":"K Derblom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Issues Ment Health Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340973.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2020.12.016","article-title":"Strategies to care for patients being treated in the emergency department after self-harm: perspectives of frontline staff","volume":"47","author":"G True","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Emerg Nurs"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0340973.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111682","article-title":"Diagnostic overshadowing and other challenges involved in the diagnostic process of patients with mental illness who present in emergency departments with physical symptoms--a qualitative study","volume":"9","author":"G Shefer","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340973.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12933","article-title":"Experiences of nursing care for patients who self-harm and suggestions for future practices: The perspectives of emergency care nurses","volume":"31","author":"C \u00d8stervang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref030","first-page":"156","author":"National Health Insurance Law","year":"1994"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340973.ref031","first-page":"55","article-title":"Mental health reform in Israel: Challenge and opportunity. Part II: Implementation of the reform \u2013 Issues and problems","volume":"55","author":"U Aviram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Israel Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref032","first-page":"223","article-title":"Mental health policy in Israel\u2019s community-based mental health services","volume-title":"Research handbook on mental health policy","author":"L David","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref033","article-title":"Impact of the mental health reform in Israel on health care and mortality among people with severe mental illness","author":"G Gal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340973.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13584-025-00670-y","article-title":"Wake-up call for recovery: a paradigm shift to address the deep crisis in Israel\u2019s public mental health services in the shadow of October 7, 2023","volume":"14","author":"A Krivoy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Isr J Health Policy Res"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13584-022-00544-7","article-title":"People with serious mental illness are at higher risk for acute care hospitalization in Israel, 2000\u20132019","volume":"11","author":"ES Gordon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Isr J Health Policy Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340973.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000582","article-title":"The Israeli law for the rehabilitation in the community of persons with psychiatric disabilities: Achievements and challenges","volume":"46","author":"U Aviram","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatr Rehabil J"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref037","author":"Israeli Medical Association"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref038","author":"I Efrati","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1166191","article-title":"Psychiatric referrals to the general hospital emergency department: Are we being effective?","volume":"14","author":"S Keller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340973.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/13634615211062968","article-title":"Psychosocial concerns in a context of prolonged political oppression: Gaza mental health providers\u2019 perceptions","volume":"60","author":"M Diab","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transcult Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0340973.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1080\/09546553.2020.1839427","article-title":"Effects of War and Armed Conflict on Adolescents\u2019 Psychopathology and Well-Being: Measuring Political Life Events among Youth","volume":"34","author":"M Slone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Terrorism and Political Violence"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340973.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13271","article-title":"Victims of war-Psychoendocrine evidence for the impact of traumatic stress on psychological well-being of adolescents growing up during the Israeli-Palestinian conflict","volume":"57","author":"M Shaheen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0340973.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2010.528443","article-title":"Mental health, social distress and political oppression: the case of the occupied Palestinian territory","volume":"6","author":"R Giacaman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glob Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1300\/J146v09n03_04","article-title":"Post-Traumatic Distress in Israeli Adolescents Exposed to Ongoing Terrorism","volume":"9","author":"R Pat-Horenczyk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2023.103851","article-title":"Urgent attention needed for the mental health of people in Gaza: A call for global action","volume":"91","author":"K Qurbani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340973.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00036-1","article-title":"Addressing the mental health crisis among children in Gaza","volume":"11","author":"AM Taha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/24705470251334943","article-title":"The Psychological Toll of War and Forced Displacement in Gaza: A Study on Anxiety, PTSD, and Depression","volume":"9","author":"B Aldabbour","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chronic Stress"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2025.34","article-title":"Mental Health Rehabilitation in Gaza: Addressing the Impact of Ongoing War Conflict on Access and Challenges, a Systematic Review","volume":"19","author":"M Qutishat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Disaster Med Public Health Prep"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0340973.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2023-014835","article-title":"Unbearable suffering: mental health consequences of the October 2023 Israeli military assault on the Gaza Strip","volume":"9","author":"H Kienzler","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref050","article-title":"War-related trauma in narratives of Gazans: challenges, difficulties and survival coping","volume":"12","author":"B Hamamra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Glob Ment Health (Camb)"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref051","first-page":"147","article-title":"Interpretative phenomenological analysis.","volume-title":"Qualitative research in psychology: Expanding perspectives in methodology and design","author":"JA Smith","year":"2021","edition":"2"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.4135\/9781526405555.n12","article-title":"Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis","volume-title":"The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research in Psychology","author":"V Eatough","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340973.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/qup0000196","article-title":"Conceptual and design thinking for thematic analysis.","volume":"9","author":"V Braun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Qualitative Psychology"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref054","first-page":"222","article-title":"Thematic analysis.","volume-title":"Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods","author":"V Clarke","year":"2015","edition":"3"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0340973.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232076","article-title":"A simple method to assess and report thematic saturation in qualitative research","volume":"15","author":"G Guest","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.101131","article-title":"Social and structural determinants and their associations with patient experience in the emergency department","volume":"61","author":"S Unger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref057","first-page":"21","article-title":"Social and structural determinants of emergency department use among Arab and Jewish patients in Jerusalem","author":"S Unger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116345","article-title":"Biomedicine and the treatment of difference in a Jerusalem emergency department","volume":"339","author":"Z Orr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref059","article-title":"Neutrality, conflict, and structural determinants of health in a Jerusalem emergency department","volume":"21","author":"Z Orr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340973.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.34293\/education.v8i4.3232","article-title":"Researcher Positionality - A Consideration of Its Influence and Place in Qualitative Research - A New Researcher Guide","volume":"8","author":"AG Darwin Holmes","year":"2020","journal-title":"education"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340973.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1177\/14687941211045611","article-title":"\u2018So what\u2019s arts got to do with it?\u2019: An autoethnography of navigating researcher positionality while co-creating knowledge","volume":"23","author":"MI Kamlongera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qualitative Research"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0340973.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1177\/10497323221130832","article-title":"A reflexive lens on preparing and conducting semi-structured interviews with academic colleagues","volume":"32","author":"T Buys","year":"2022","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lcsi.2023.100782","article-title":"Community engagement of underrepresented college students: Ultra-Orthodox students in Israel as social change agents","volume":"44","author":"Z Orr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Learn Cult Soc Interact"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-1767(85)90062-8","volume-title":"Naturalistic inquiry","author":"YS Lincoln","year":"1985"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340973.ref065","first-page":"26","article-title":"Expanding approaches for research: understanding and using trustworthiness in qualitative research","volume":"44","author":"NA Stahl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0340973.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3233\/EFI-2004-22201","article-title":"Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects","volume":"22","author":"AK Shenton","year":"2004","journal-title":"EFI"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref067","unstructured":"National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors. Ready to respond: Mental health beyond crisis and Covid-19: Reimagining a sustainable and robust continuum of psychiatric care. 2021."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0340973.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2022.10.014","article-title":"A Qualitative Study of Emergency Physicians\u2019 and Nurses\u2019 Experiences Caring for Patients With Psychiatric Conditions and\/or Substance Use Disorders","volume":"81","author":"LM Isbell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0340973.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22803","article-title":"Internalized stigma and self-presentation strategies of persons with psychotic and psychiatric experiences","volume":"50","author":"E Georgaca","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Community Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340973.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1108\/JPMH-06-2020-0075","article-title":"Human rights of people with mental illness diagnosis: perceptions among service users, family members and health professionals in Tunisia","volume":"20","author":"M Rekhis","year":"2021","journal-title":"JPMH"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0340973.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764017712301","article-title":"Rights of people with mental disorders: Realities in healthcare facilities in Tunisia","volume":"63","author":"M Rekhis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340973.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1353\/hrq.2021.0003","article-title":"Localization of Human Rights of People with Disabilities: The Case of Jewish Ultra-Orthodox People in Israel","volume":"43","author":"Z Orr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Human Rights Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340973.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/14754835.2020.1868294","article-title":"The challenges and dilemmas of local translators of human rights: The case of disability rights among Jewish ultra-Orthodox communities","volume":"20","author":"Z Orr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Human Rights"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0340973.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/S40037-017-0333-5","article-title":"Labelling of mental illness in a paediatric emergency department and its implications for stigma reduction education","volume":"6","author":"J Sukhera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perspect Med Educ"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2021.103141","article-title":"Does volunteering change attitudes towards people with disabilities? A qualitative study of the experience of orthodox Jewish nursing students","volume":"55","author":"A Finkelstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0340973.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732317746382","article-title":"Exploring the experiences of persons who frequently visit the emergency department for mental health-related reasons","volume":"28","author":"A Digel Vandyk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0340973.ref077","article-title":"What makes a peer? Characteristics of certified peer recovery support specialists in an emergency department-based intervention","volume":"18","author":"MR Kirk","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0340973.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272483","article-title":"Co-creating safe spaces: Study protocol for translational research on innovative alternatives to the emergency department for people experiencing emotional distress and\/or suicidal crisis","volume":"17","author":"M Banfield","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref079","article-title":"The effect of psychiatric decision unit services on inpatient admissions and mental health presentations in emergency departments: An interrupted time series analysis from two cities and one rural area in England","volume":"33","author":"JG Smith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"issue":"25","key":"pone.0340973.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/PBSM2274","article-title":"Evaluating mental health decision units in acute care pathways (DECISION): a quasi-experimental, qualitative and health economic evaluation","volume":"11","author":"S Gillard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Deliv Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0340973.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289035","article-title":"Effectiveness of emergency department-based and initiated youth suicide prevention interventions: A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"R Balasa","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0340973.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197512","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1197512","article-title":"Implying implausibility and undermining versus accepting peoples\u2019 experiences of suicidal ideation and self-harm in Emergency Department psychosocial assessments","volume":"14","author":"C Bergen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0340973.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05340-4","article-title":"Evaluation of a national clinical programme for the management of self-harm in hospital emergency departments: impact on patient outcomes and the provision of care","volume":"23","author":"G Cully","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0340973","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T18:32:49Z","timestamp":1768588369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0340973"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Eyal","family":"Bar-Haim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0340973","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]}}}