{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T14:40:06Z","timestamp":1778337606390,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Diarrhea outbreaks significantly affect the health and growth of farmed mink, posing economic and welfare challenges. While various pathogens have been linked to mink diarrhea, the causes during the weaning period remain unclear. Sporadic associations of mink coronavirus (MCoV),\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and gastrointestinal disease in mink have been suggested. This study investigates the occurrence and levels of MCoV and\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    in fecal samples from Danish farm mink (\n                    <jats:italic>Neogale vison<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and their potential association with post-weaning anorexia diarrhea syndrome (PADS), growth-period diarrhea (GPD), or pre-weaning diarrhea (PWD). The focus of the study is on PADS, studied through two case-control setups where case farms had known problems with PADS and control farms without such problems. Animals were also diagnosed based on necropsy pathological findings. Seventeen MCoV genomes were determined from five Danish farms. This data facilitated the development of an MCoV RT-qPCR and was applied across three study groups. Results showed high prevalence of both MCoV and Campylobacter spp. in all groups. No link was found between MCoV presence or levels and PADS diagnosis on the individual level; however, farm-level analysis revealed that MCoV was 2.35 times more likely (95% CI 1.027; 5.056) on PADS case farms than controls. Mink with PWD exhibited higher MCoV levels compared to GPD cases, suggesting a role at this developmental stage. Phylogenetic analysis revealed diverse and farm-specific MCoV strains, with sequences from healthy controls forming a distinct subclade, hinting at strain-specific pathogenicity.\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. presence was not significantly associated with PADS, but higher levels were observed in mink with PADS versus those without (not tested for PWD). These findings highlight the importance of surveillance and rigorous hygiene practices on mink farms to address risks from MCoV and\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., calling for further research to clarify their roles in PADS and overall mink health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0341271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T18:42:04Z","timestamp":1768588924000},"page":"e0341271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association between mink coronavirus (MCoV), Campylobacter spp., and diarrhea in farmed mink (Neogale vison)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7603-1004","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michelle Lauge","family":"Quaade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8701-9887","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mikael","family":"Leijon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikhayil","family":"Hakhverdyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4241-1559","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas Bruun","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7557-8876","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charlotte Kristiane","family":"Hjulsager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6362-7973","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lars","family":"Andresen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Mundbjerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Sofie Vedsted","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2010","key":"pone.0341271.ref001","first-page":"97","article-title":"D\u00f8ds\u00e5rsager fra f\u00f8dsel til 1. august","volume":"2009","author":"TN Clausen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0341271.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638715586438","article-title":"Causes of mortality in farmed mink in the Intermountain West, North America","volume":"27","author":"DJ Wilson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341271.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(01)00472-2","article-title":"Astrovirus epidemiologically linked to pre-weaning diarrhoea in mink","volume":"85","author":"L Englund","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0341271.ref004","first-page":"87","article-title":"Wet mink kits: A review","volume":"28","author":"TN Clausen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scientifur"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0341271.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205890","article-title":"Investigation of the viral and bacterial microbiota in intestinal samples from mink (Neovison vison) with pre-weaning diarrhea syndrome using next generation sequencing","volume":"13","author":"JM Birch","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0341271.ref006","first-page":"383","article-title":"Detection of coronavirus-like particles from mink with epizootic catarrhal gastroenteritis","volume":"54","author":"JR Gorham","year":"1990","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"pone.0341271.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.025353-0","article-title":"Molecular characterization of a new species in the genus Alphacoronavirus associated with mink epizootic catarrhal gastroenteritis","volume":"92","author":"AN Vlasova","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341271.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(92)90135-G","article-title":"Coronavirus infection in mink (Mustela vison). 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