{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T18:01:28Z","timestamp":1784916088759,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs, such as cardiovascular and diabetes) pose an increasing burden in low-and middle-income countries, accounting for ~80% of premature (under age 70) NCD deaths globally. Despite their significant and rapidly growing burden\u2014and status under United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.4\u2014little is known about the agenda status of NCDs in lower-income countries. Though coverage of health issues shapes policymaker and public awareness and opinions, news media is an under-analyzed agenda setting arena. This study explores levels of priority for 10 NCDs compared to four infectious diseases and their burdens in the news media arena in Malawi; shifts in the agenda during the COVID-19 emergency; and media framing of actors responsible for addressing Malawi\u2019s NCD burden. The study is informed by analysis of the contents of headlines (an indicator of media priority) and a purposefully selected subset of articles (framing analysis) published in two news outlets between 2015 and 2023. News media priority for NCDs in Malawi remained relatively low despite elevation to Sustainable Development Goal status. Between 2015 and 2019, news media priority in Malawi heavily favored HIV\/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria over 10 NCDs. Media priority shifted to COVID-19 and headlines on mental health surged ahead of those on HIV\/AIDS and tuberculosis during the emergency (2020\u20132023). Alignment between the burden of disease and media priority was inconsistent. News media framed nongovernmental actors (primarily domestic) as responsible for addressing NCDs (predominantly cancers) far more frequently than other actors, including government, politicians and development partners. Featuring patterns of low attention and framing that fails to hold authorities responsible for addressing NCDs, media priority appears unlikely to substantially shift public opinion or policymaker agendas in their favor in Malawi. This study sets the stage for further analysis of media priority for health issues in lower-income countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0341285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T17:22:23Z","timestamp":1784913743000},"page":"e0341285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The news media and the agenda for noncommunicable diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Losing the competition for coverage and framing responsibility for action in Malawi"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Dereck L.","family":"Hamunakwadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2987-6252","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0341285.ref001","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). 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First Lady Hails Construction of Malawi Cancer Centre in Lilongwe-\u2018Milestone in Treatment and Care\u2019. Nyasa Times [Internet]. 2017. [cited 2025 Feb 15]. Available from: NewsBank:AccessWorldNews-HistoricalandCurrent(AllAfrica-Malawi)"},{"key":"pone.0341285.ref029","unstructured":"M\u2019bwana L. Malawi\u2019s Hocuf pairs with CEWAG for cervical cancer awareness campaign. Maravi Post [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2025 Feb15]. Available from: NewsBank:AccessWorldNews-HistoricalandCurrent(Malawi)"},{"key":"pone.0341285.ref030","unstructured":"Kampani LN. Think Pink Malawi All Set for Breast Cancer Awareness Month. Nyasa Times [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2025 Feb 15]. Available from: NewsBank:AccessWorldNews-HistoricalandCurrent(Malawi)"},{"key":"pone.0341285.ref031","unstructured":"Mwale JN. Think Pink Malawi Reaches Out to 5,000 Women, Saves 20 From Cancer. Nyasa Times. 2017. [cited 2025 Feb 15]. 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Nyasa Times [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Feb 21]. Available from: NewsBank:AccessWorldNews-HistoricalandCurrent(AllAfrica-Malawi)"},{"key":"pone.0341285.ref047","unstructured":"Nyirongo T. Malawi Told to Decriminalize Attempted Suicide. Nyasa Times [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Feb 21]. Available from: NewsBank:AccessWorldNews-HistoricalandCurrent(AllAfrica-Malawi)"},{"key":"pone.0341285.ref048","unstructured":"Mlanjira DN. Positive Response to Mental Health Excites Caring Hands. Nyasa Times [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Feb 21]. Available from: NewsBank:AccessWorldNews-HistoricalandCurrent(AllAfrica-Malawi)"},{"key":"pone.0341285.ref049","unstructured":"Mlanjira DN. Sparc Systems, Caring Hands Center Partner to Develop Mental Health Awareness App. Nyasa Times [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Feb 21]. Available from: NewsBank:AccessWorldNews-HistoricalandCurrent(AllAfrica-Malawi)"},{"key":"pone.0341285.ref050","unstructured":"Malawi News Agency (MANA). Three arrested for attempted suicide in Malawi. Maravi Post [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2025 Feb 21]. Available from: NewsBank:AccessWorldNews-HistoricalandCurrent(Malawi)"},{"key":"pone.0341285.ref051","unstructured":"M\u2019bwana L. Malawian man commits suicide in Lilongwe for failing to repay MK22,000 village banking loans. Maravi Post [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2025 Feb 21]. Available from: NewsBank:AccessWorldNews-HistoricalandCurrent(Malawi)"},{"key":"pone.0341285.ref052","unstructured":"Maravi Post. Ntcheu teenager girl commits suicide over pregnancy. Maravi Post [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2025 Feb 21]. Available from: NewsBank:AccessWorldNews-HistoricalandCurrent(Malawi)"},{"key":"pone.0341285.ref053","unstructured":"Tembo WN. Female Police Network in Anti-Suicide Campaign. Nyasa Times [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Feb 21]. Available from: NewsBank:AccessWorldNews-HistoricalandCurrent(AllAfrica-Malawi)"},{"key":"pone.0341285.ref054","unstructured":"Khamula ON. 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Available from: NewsBank:AccessWorldNews-HistoricalandCurrent(AllAfrica-Malawi)"},{"key":"pone.0341285.ref062","unstructured":"Chideya Y. Poor Living Conditions Contribute to Mental Health Problems-Malawi Study. Nyasa Times [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2025 Feb 21]. Available from: NewsBank:AccessWorldNews-HistoricalandCurrent(AllAfrica-Malawi)"},{"key":"pone.0341285.ref063","unstructured":"Kayira IN. Lions Club Overwhelmed With Rise in Diabetes Cases. Nyasa Times [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2025 Feb 25]. Available from: NewsBank:AccessWorldNews-HistoricalandCurrent(AllAfrica-Malawi)"},{"key":"pone.0341285.ref064","unstructured":"Kadewere J. Malawi Diabetic Men Warned On Viagra Use. Nyasa Times [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2025 Feb 25]. Available from: NewsBank:AccessWorldNews-HistoricalandCurrent(AllAfrica-Malawi)"},{"key":"pone.0341285.ref065","unstructured":"M\u2019bwana L. Malawi Govt challenged on diabetes and hypertension eradication. Maravi Post [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2025 Feb 25]. 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Health groups in Malawi\u2019s Stroke prevention awareness campaign. Maravi Post [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Feb 28]. Available from: NewsBank:AccessWorldNews-HistoricalandCurrent(Malawi)"},{"key":"pone.0341285.ref070","unstructured":"M\u2019bwana L. CADH introduces fight against diabetes and hypertension using community peer support groups and counseling centers. Maravi Post [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2025 Feb 28]. Available from: NewsBank:AccessWorldNews-HistoricalandCurrent(Malawi)"},{"key":"pone.0341285.ref071","unstructured":"Kadewere JN. First Capital Bank Donates K3.5m Towards Stroke Support Organization. Maravi Post [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Feb 28]. 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