{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:37:20Z","timestamp":1783489040438,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82274455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274455"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), caused by immune-mediated thyroid dysfunction, lacks effective dietary interventions. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of a ketogenic diet (KD) in a murine model of iodine-induced AIT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty 8-week-old NOD.H-2\n                      <jats:sup>h4<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice were randomized into three groups: wild-type mice on a normal diet (WT\u2009+\u2009ND), AIT model mice on a normal diet (AIT\u2009+\u2009ND), and AIT model mice on a KD (AIT\u2009+\u2009KD). AIT was induced in model groups via 0.05% sodium iodide administration for 8 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of KD intervention in the AIT\u2009+\u2009KD group. Outcomes included histopathological thyroid changes, serum levels of TgAb\/TPOAb, proinflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-18, IFN-\u03b3), oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, T-AOC), gene expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1), Th17\/Treg-related factors (ROR\u03b3t, IL-17, FoxP3, IL-10), and immune mediators (TLR2\/4, NF-\u03baB, HMGB1).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to the WT\u2009+\u2009ND group, the AIT\u2009+\u2009ND group exhibited increased TgAb\/TPOAb levels, enhanced thyroid lymphocytic infiltration, elevated proinflammatory cytokines, and aggravated oxidative stress. Concurrently, this group showed upregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activity, promoted Th17 polarization, activated HMGB1\/TLR2\/4\/NF-\u03baB signaling, and a higher Th17\/Treg ratio. Ketogenic diet (KD) intervention reversed all these alterations, effectively suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and pathogenic immune pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>KD ameliorates iodine-induced AIT in mice by modulating HMGB1\/NLRP3-mediated inflammation, restoring immune balance, and reducing thyroid autoimmunity. These findings support KD as a potential adjuvant therapy for AIT, warranting clinical evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0341564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T23:10:50Z","timestamp":1778281850000},"page":"e0341564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The ketogenic diet alleviates autoimmune thyroiditis caused by Th17\/Treg imbalance by inhibiting the HMGB1\/NLRP3 signaling 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