{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T01:33:23Z","timestamp":1785202403979,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019278","name":"Bangladesh Agricultural University Research System","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024\/14\/BAU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\/14\/BAU"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria, particularly\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (ESBL-KP and CP-KP), in the food supply chain, poses a significant public health threat. Ready to eat (RTE) street foods, especially fuchka, a highly popular snack in Bangladesh, India and Southeast Asia, represents a critical breach in food safety. This study investigated the multidrug resistance (MDR) patterns of\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolated from fuchka with an emphasis on phenotypic and genotypic detection of ESBL-KP and CP-KP. A total of 60 samples were collected from 15 fuchka selling points.\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    was isolated and identified via staining, cultural methods, PCR and MALDI-ToF-MS biotyper. Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) was accomplished using disk diffusion method, phenotypic ESBL producers was detected by combined disk test (CDT) and PCR was used to detect resistance determinant. Thirty\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were confirmed by PCR and MALDI-ToF-MS. All showed resistance to amoxicillin and cefuroxime (100%), while most were sensitive to cefepime (96.7%), norfloxacin (96.7%), imipenem (93.3%) and meropenem (83.3%). All the isolates were MDR, with multiple-antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values ranged from 0.28 to 0.64. CDT confirmed 28 ESBL producers. Among ESBL-producing genes\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM,<\/jats:sub>\n                    was most prevalent (64%), followed by\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>SHV,<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-1,<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M1,<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M3.<\/jats:sub>\n                    Among carbapenem-resistant genes,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>BIC<\/jats:sub>\n                    was most common (46%), while\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>VIM<\/jats:sub>\n                    was absent. Moreover, other resistance determinants (\n                    <jats:italic>aad<\/jats:italic>\n                    A1,\n                    <jats:italic>aac<\/jats:italic>\n                    3IV was most prevalent (40%) but\n                    <jats:italic>aad<\/jats:italic>\n                    A1,\n                    <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                    A were not detected. The presence of multidrug-resistant, ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in fuchka represents a critical threat to public health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0341583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T18:34:03Z","timestamp":1769798043000},"page":"e0341583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["First report of extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae from Fuchka"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Bushra Benta Rahman","family":"Prapti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Tanjir","family":"Ahmmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8550-0623","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aminur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandra Shaker","family":"Chouhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7159-0747","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahbubul Pratik","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0341583.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-016-0089-9","article-title":"Recent research examining links among klebsiella pneumoniae from food, food animals, and human extraintestinal infections","volume":"3","author":"GS Davis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0341583.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2009.07.014","article-title":"Development of real-time PCR systems based on SYBR Green for the specific detection and quantification of Klebsiella pneumoniae in infant formula","volume":"21","author":"F Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2018.04.004","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae as a key trafficker of drug resistance genes from environmental to clinically important bacteria","volume":"45","author":"KL Wyres","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S453025","article-title":"Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and developments in therapeutic strategies to combat klebsiella pneumoniae infection","volume":"17","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0341583.ref005","article-title":"Frequency, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of klebsiella pneumoniae in food samples","volume":"11","author":"Y Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0341583.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00078-15","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae: Going on the Offense with a Strong Defense","volume":"80","author":"MK Paczosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0341583.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.4315\/JFP-19-520","article-title":"Foodborne klebsiella pneumoniae: virulence potential, antibiotic resistance, and risks to food safety","volume":"83","author":"SHP Hartantyo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0341583.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11112937","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL): challenges and opportunities","volume":"11","author":"A Husna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341583.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03206","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in cattle production - a threat around the world","volume":"6","author":"J Dantas Palmeira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0341583.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: a clinical update","volume":"18","author":"DL Paterson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4318306","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4318306","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance factors of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from cattle farms and raw beef in North-West Province, South Africa","volume":"2019","author":"KP Montso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0341583.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4943","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00296-11","article-title":"Carbapenems: past, present, and future","volume":"55","author":"KM Papp-Wallace","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e3236","article-title":"Carbapenem antibiotics for serious infections","volume":"344","author":"PM Hawkey","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341583.ref014","first-page":"1","article-title":"Carbapenem Resistance: A Review","volume":"6","author":"FS Codjoe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Sci (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0341583.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30257-2","article-title":"Occurrence of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in the European survey of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EuSCAPE): a prospective, multinational study","volume":"17","author":"H Grundmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref016","article-title":"Global dissemination of carbapenemase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae: epidemiology, genetic context, treatment options, and detection methods","volume":"7","author":"C-R Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0341583.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2018.1522249","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae: challenges for treatment, prevention and infection control","volume":"16","author":"M Bassetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0341583.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9040186","article-title":"The current burden of carbapenemases: review of significant properties and dissemination among gram-negative bacteria","volume":"9","author":"D Hammoudi Halat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2014.09.009","article-title":"How to detect carbapenemase producers? a literature review of phenotypic and molecular methods","volume":"107","author":"D Hammoudi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0341583.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9654","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16059654","article-title":"Structural basis for carbapenem-hydrolyzing mechanisms of carbapenemases conferring antibiotic resistance","volume":"16","author":"JH Jeon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0341583.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00117-13","article-title":"OXA \u03b2-lactamases","volume":"27","author":"BA Evans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0341583.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01672-07","article-title":"Spread of OXA-48-Positive Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Istanbul, Turkey","volume":"52","author":"A Carre\u0308r","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341583.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01686-12","article-title":"Surveillance and molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates that produce carbapenemases: first report of OXA-48-like enzymes in North America","volume":"57","author":"C Lascols","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341583.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.66.79","article-title":"First report of OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in Japan from a patient returned from Southeast Asia","volume":"66","author":"N Nagano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0341583.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm-119480","article-title":"Investigation of OXA-23, OXA-24, OXA-40, OXA-51, and OXA-58 Genes in Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections","volume":"15","author":"E Pourbaghi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0341583.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-023-04733-3","article-title":"Emergence of OXA-48-producing hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in Taiwan","volume":"43","author":"Y-T Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0341583.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2022.02.020","article-title":"Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae antibiotic-resistant genes: An impending source of multidrug resistance dissemination through raw food","volume":"29","author":"K Junaid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi J Biological Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0341583.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12604","article-title":"Street food research worldwide: a scoping review","volume":"32","author":"K Abrahale","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341583.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3329\/aajfss.v7i1.62735","article-title":"Isolation, characterization and antibiogram studies of bacteria isolated from ready-to-eat foods sold at different places of Dinajpur district, Bangladesh","volume":"7","author":"T Aktar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian Australas J Food Saf Secur"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341583.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-011-0154-x","article-title":"Street vended food in developing world: hazard analyses","volume":"51","author":"S Rane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0341583.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00003-018-1174-9","article-title":"Microbiological safety of street-vended foods in Bangladesh","volume":"13","author":"M Jahan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Consum Prot Food Saf"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0341583.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3329\/ajmbr.v4i3.38467","article-title":"Identification and antibiogram study of bacteria isolated from different street food","volume":"4","author":"MA Khalif","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J Med Biol Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0341583.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2100-4","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae from community-acquired recurrent urinary tract infections","volume":"33","author":"WH Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0341583.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12760","article-title":"groEL is a suitable genetic marker for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay","volume":"65","author":"MP Siddique","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-51-3-915","article-title":"Phylogenetic diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca clinical isolates revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, gyrA and parC genes sequencing and automated ribotyping","volume":"51","author":"S Brisse","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514643","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1514643","article-title":"The results of polymerase chain reaction and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry versus phenotypic distinction between Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca","volume":"16","author":"A Palusiak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341583.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v27i1.2","article-title":"Phenotypic detection of extended spectrum beta lactamase and carbapenemase co-producing clinical isolates from two tertiary hospitals in Kano, North West Nigeria","volume":"27","author":"Y Ibrahim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341583.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2010.12.002","article-title":"Multiplex PCR for detection of acquired carbapenemase genes","volume":"70","author":"L Poirel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0341583.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh070","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance genes, integrons and multiple antibiotic resistance in thirty-five serotypes of Salmonella enterica isolated from humans and animals in the UK","volume":"53","author":"LP Randall","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493","article-title":"Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by a Standardized Single Disk Method","volume":"45","author":"AW Bauer","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Clinical Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref041","author":"CLSI","year":"2025"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0341583.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance","volume":"18","author":"A-P Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341583.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.46.1.165-170.1983","article-title":"Multiple antibiotic resistance indexing of Escherichia coli to identify high-risk sources of fecal contamination of foods","volume":"46","author":"PH Krumperman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341583.ref044","first-page":"41","article-title":"Multidrug resistance patterns and multiple antibiotic resistance index of <i>salmonella species<\/i> isolated from waste dumps in Zaria Metropolis, Nigeria","volume":"23","author":"Y Nyandjou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Applied Sci Environ Manag"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref045","article-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","volume-title":"CLSI Supplement M100","author":"CLSI C and LSI","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0341583.ref046","article-title":"Update from the European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (EUCAST)","volume":"60","author":"EUCAST Steering Committee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341583.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.118_c.x","article-title":"A new variant of food poisoning: enteroinvasive klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli sepsis from a contaminated hamburger","volume":"93","author":"JM Sabota","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00289","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from retail foods in China","volume":"9","author":"S Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0341583.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ijmb.20200503.17","article-title":"Detection of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in klebsiella oxytoca and klebsiella pneumoniae from animal origin foods","volume":"5","author":"G Meseret Abebe","year":"2020","journal-title":"IJMB"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0341583.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.2172-2179","article-title":"A review: Virulence factors of Klebsiella pneumonia as emerging infection on the food chain","volume":"15","author":"KHP Riwu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341583.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02376-21","article-title":"High prevalence of klebsiella pneumoniae in european food products: a multicentric study comparing culture and molecular detection methods","volume":"10","author":"C Rodrigues","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0341583.ref052","first-page":"448","article-title":"Drug resistance and molecular typing characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae in meat food and diarrhea samples in a local area","volume":"36","author":"F QUE","year":"2024","journal-title":"Shanghai J Preventive Med"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110605","article-title":"Comparative analysis of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains of food and human origin reveals overlapping populations","volume":"413","author":"S Silva-Bea","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0341583.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2024.05.011","article-title":"Genetic relatedness, antibiotic resistance, and virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from health care and food sources in Wuhan, China","volume":"52","author":"F Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0341583.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2006.04.009","article-title":"Incidence of Klebsiella pneumonia in street foods sold in Malaysia and their characterization by antibiotic resistance, plasmid profiling, and RAPD\u2013PCR analysis","volume":"18","author":"Y Haryani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0341583.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d221228","article-title":"Biochemical identification and molecular characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from street foods and drinks in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using 16S rRNA gene","volume":"22","author":"TY Budiarso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biodiversitas"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref057","first-page":"016","article-title":"Isolation identification and antibiogram of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli isolates from ready to eat food samples in Uli campus","volume":"1","author":"CC Ezemba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J Food Res Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341583.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03769-z","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic screening of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from ready to eat street food in Tanta, Egypt","volume":"25","author":"HM Bedair","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0341583.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.07.022","article-title":"Populations of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are different in human-polluted environment and food items: a multicentre European study","volume":"28","author":"D Martak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0341583.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10070850","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of extended-spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase-producing antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae in ready-to-eat street foods","volume":"10","author":"S Giri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0341583.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.22271\/tpi.2021.v10.i5c.6207","article-title":"Recent trends in ready to eat\/cook food products: A review","volume":"10","author":"S Temgire","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharma Innovation"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0341583.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24624","article-title":"Assessment of consumer demographics and food safety risks associated with ready-to-eat (RTE) homemade foods purchased online in the UAE","volume":"10","author":"H Mostafa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0341583.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3390\/bacteria2040012","article-title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae Culture Identification and Antibiogram: Implications for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns from Sputum Samples in Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","volume":"2","author":"R Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bacteria"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0341583.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11050708","article-title":"High Prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Greek Meat Products: Detection of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes by Molecular Techniques","volume":"11","author":"NA Theocharidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473055","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1473055","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from lettuce: a potential source of antibiotic resistance and development of a mathematical model for ANOVA results","volume":"15","author":"R Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0341583.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2024.70.12.16","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality associated with ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in different administration routes in albino rats","volume":"70","author":"AM Hussein","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0341583.ref067","first-page":"116","article-title":"Validation of an assessment of chromogenic media against conventional culture techniques for isolation, identification, and direct antibiotic susceptibility testing of uropathogens in resource-poor settings","volume":"13","author":"K Khutade","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Pharmacy Biological Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341583.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.33003\/fjs-2023-0701-1258","article-title":"Isolation and antimicrobial resistance phenotype of klebsiella pneumonia from the urine of suspected uti patients attending public hospitals in nasarawa South Senatorial District, Nasarawa State, Nigeria","volume":"7","author":"DP Ashefo","year":"2023","journal-title":"FJS"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341583.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-017-0937-2","article-title":"Decision criteria for MALDI-TOF MS-based identification of filamentous fungi using commercial and in-house reference databases","volume":"17","author":"A-C Normand","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0341583.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.02.002","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella spp. isolated from shrimp imported from Thailand","volume":"155","author":"M Nawaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0341583.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.4238\/2012.September.24.1","article-title":"Phenotypic and molecular characterization of CTX-M-14 extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase and plasmid-mediated ACT-like AmpC \u03b2-lactamase produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from chickens in Henan Province, China","volume":"11","author":"H Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genet Mol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0341583.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2019.0419","article-title":"Spread of OXA-48 and NDM-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST48 and ST101 in chicken meat in Western Algeria","volume":"27","author":"N Chaalal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0341583.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8070934","article-title":"Treatment options for colistin resistant klebsiella pneumoniae: present and future","volume":"8","author":"N Petrosillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2024-0210","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a sensitive approach for detection and recovery of third-generation cephalosporin- and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales from ready-to-eat frozen stone fruit","volume":"71","author":"A Nasta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0341583.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-838246320140138","article-title":"Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates","volume":"46","author":"X Hou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0341583.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.14043","article-title":"Molecular detection of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in southwest Iran","volume":"29","author":"N Jomehzadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0341583.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"000236","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000236","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance profiles and genetic basis of resistance among non-fastidious Gram-negative bacteria recovered from ready-to-eat foods in Kibera informal housing in Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"3","author":"J Maina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Access Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.08.055","article-title":"Co-location of the blaKPC-2, blaCTX-M-65, rmtB and virulence relevant factors in an IncFII plasmid from a hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate","volume":"124","author":"L Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0341583.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-022-01077-0","article-title":"The rate of frequent co-existence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) genes in Escherichia coli isolates from retail raw chicken in South Korea","volume":"31","author":"H Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Sci Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341583.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11010032","article-title":"The antimicrobial resistance characteristics of imipenem-non-susceptible, imipenemase-6-producing escherichia coli","volume":"11","author":"R Onishi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341583.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05157-4","article-title":"Detection of several carbapenems resistant and virulence genes in classical and hyper-virulent strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized neonates and adults in Khartoum","volume":"13","author":"AM Albasha","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(10)70004-2","article-title":"Emerging carbapenemases: a global perspective","volume":"36","author":"TR Walsh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrobial Agents"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0341583.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000266","DOI":"10.4172\/2327-5073.1000266","article-title":"Detection of carbapenem resistance genes among selected Gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients in Khartoum State, Sudan","volume":"5","author":"S Satir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0341583.ref084","first-page":"373","article-title":"Emergence of colistin and carbapenem resistance in extended-spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase producing klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from chickens and humans in Egypt","volume":"10","author":"W Elmonir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.04.049","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in ready-to-eat vegetables","volume":"207","author":"H-S Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0341583.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.04.016","article-title":"Ready-to-eat street-vended food as a potential vehicle of bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance: An exploratory study in Porto region, Portugal","volume":"206","author":"J Campos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0341583.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-15-517","article-title":"Vegetables and restaurant salads as a reservoir for shiga toxigenic escherichia coli: distribution of virulence factors, O-Serogroups, and antibiotic resistance properties","volume":"79","author":"A Shakerian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0341583.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12071139","article-title":"Molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance determinants in klebsiella pneumoniae isolates recovered from hospital effluents in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","volume":"12","author":"JU Okafor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0341583","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T18:34:19Z","timestamp":1769798059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0341583"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dhammika Leshan","family":"Wannigama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0341583","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]}}}