{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T05:52:20Z","timestamp":1771912340825,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"New York University (NYU) Provost\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s Postdoctoral Fellowship Program"},{"name":"NYU School of Global Public Health"},{"name":"NYU Office of Postdoctoral Affairs"},{"name":"Center for Anti-racism, Social Justice, & Public Health at the NYU GPH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In January 2025, the nightly census revealed that over 120,000 people were staying in New York City (NYC) shelters, including more than 41,000 children, of whom almost half were aged 0\u20135 years. Children under five years old (under-5s) experiencing homelessness are especially vulnerable because the first five years of life are a critical period for child growth, including approximately 90% of brain development. Furthermore, under-5s experiencing homelessness have a higher risk for multiple adverse childhood experiences, developing chronic health conditions, and recurrent homelessness across the life course. Data available for under-5s experiencing homelessness is generally lacking, and what is available is of notably poor quality in the United States, leaving a wide evidence gap and an inability to determine the actual needs of this population. This proposed protocol employs community-based participatory research and was co-developed with families with under-5s who have lived experience of homelessness in NYC shelters. The aim is to determine what barriers exist in the physical and social environments to optimizing health and wellbeing (e.g., milestones, child mental health, parental mental health, safety) among under-5s living in NYC shelters. Using a sequential mixed-methods design, we propose to address a gap in the current literature by conducting an assets- and deficits-based health needs assessment comprising a quantitative survey and qualitative semi-structured interviews. In the long term, our objective is to enhance the quality and quantity of data for this vulnerable population, thereby laying the groundwork for the future co-development of a comprehensive, optimized intervention addressing the needs of under-5s experiencing homelessness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0341718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T18:34:11Z","timestamp":1769625251000},"page":"e0341718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Co-developing SHELTER (Safe, Healthy Environments and Local Transformation for Equity and Resilience) with families with lived experience of homelessness in the New York City shelter system: A community needs assessment and data collection protocol"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1238-5003","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diana Margot","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Guastaferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasia","family":"Kubik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8932-624X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Melody","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0341718.ref001","unstructured":"School House Connection. Infant and toddler homelessness across 50 states-2022-2023. 2025. https:\/\/schoolhouseconnection.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/2025-Infant-and-Toddler-Homelessness-Across-50-States-2022-2023.pdf#page=47"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref002","unstructured":"Family Homelessness Coalition. The Facts. Tracking NYC\u2019s Family Homelessness Crisis. 2023. Accessed 2023 August 30. https:\/\/www.fhcnyc.org\/the-facts\/"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref003","unstructured":"NYC OpenData. City of New York. DHS Daily Report. 2024. Accessed 2025 February 20. https:\/\/data.cityofnewyork.us\/Social-Services\/DHS-Daily-Report\/k46n-sa2m\/explore"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref004","unstructured":"Coalition For The Homeless. Number of people currently sleeping in NYC Shelters Each Night. 2025. Accessed 2025 April 21. https:\/\/www.coalitionforthehomeless.org\/facts-about-homelessness\/"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref005","year":"2025"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref006","unstructured":"NYC OpenData. City of New York. DHS Daily Report. February 2025. Accessed 2025 March 1.\u00a0https:\/\/data.cityofnewyork.us\/Social-Services\/DHS-Daily-Report\/k46n-sa2m\/explore\/query\/SELECT%0A"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref007","unstructured":"DiNapoli TP. DiNapoli: numbers of homeless population doubled in New York. Office of the New York State Comptroller. 2025. Accessed 2025 February 20. https:\/\/www.osc.ny.gov\/press\/releases\/2025\/01\/dinapoli-numbers-homeless-population-doubled-new-york"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref008","unstructured":"NYC.gov. Transcript: Mayor Eric Adams Declares Asylum Seeker State of Emergency, Calls for Urgent Aid From Federal, State Governments. 2022. Accessed 2023 August 31. https:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/office-of-the-mayor\/news\/729-22\/transcript-mayor-eric-adams-declares-asylum-seeker-state-emergency-calls-urgent-aid-from"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref009","unstructured":"Cusick S, Georgieff MK. Early moments matter: the first 1,000 days of life: the brain\u2019s window of opportunity. The importance of nutrition in early brain development. Accessed 2019 March 14. https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/early-moments"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref010","unstructured":"WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Group. Nurturing care for early childhood development a framework for helping children survive and thrive to transform health and human potential. 2018. https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-health-and-ageing\/child-health\/nurturing-care"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref011","author":"DM Rosenthal","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0341718.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-018-02698-w","article-title":"Homelessness in childhood and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)","volume":"23","author":"E Radcliff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0341718.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa026","article-title":"The ACE index: mapping childhood adversity in England","volume":"42","author":"D Lewer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Public Health (Bangkok)"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref014","unstructured":"Hayes-Chaffe M. Review of the New York city department of homeless services\u2019 programs and services. 2023. www.comptroller.nyc.gov"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0341718.ref015","article-title":"Young children and families experiencing homelessness","volume":"39","author":"E Stefanie Powers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zero Three J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341718.ref016","article-title":"Barriers to optimal health for under 5s experiencing homelessness and living in temporary accommodation in high-income countries: a scoping review","volume":"8","author":"D Rosenthal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Public Health Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0341718.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-3975(00)00010-2","article-title":"Homelessness: a proposal for a global definition and classification","volume":"24","author":"S Springer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Habitat International"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref018","article-title":"The ETHOS definition and classification of homelessness: an analysis","author":"K Amore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Homelessness"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0341718.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306640","article-title":"The annual homeless point-in-time count: limitations and two different solutions","volume":"112","author":"J Tsai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref020","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Caring for the health and wellness of children experiencing homelessness. HeadStart.gov. Accessed 2025 June 3. https:\/\/headstart.gov\/publication\/caring-health-wellness-children-experiencing-homelessness"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref021","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The 2024 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to congress part 1: point-in-time estimates of homelessness. 2024. https:\/\/www.huduser.gov\/portal\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf\/2024-AHAR-Part-1.pdf"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref022","unstructured":"National Alliance to End Homelessness. Calculating change: the continuing conversation on homelessness data reform. 2023. Accessed 2023 October 11. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1JWK6FvS2xg"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0341718.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1192\/bjb.2020.49","article-title":"Homelessness, housing instability and mental health: making the connections","volume":"44","author":"DK Padgett","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJPsych Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341718.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0927","article-title":"Addressing the mental health needs of pregnant and parenting adolescents","volume":"133","author":"S Hodgkinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref025","unstructured":"Flipping the script: a homeless teach-in for healthcare workers in pediatrics. Health x Housing Lab - Resource Library. 2022. Accessed 2023 August 31. https:\/\/mailchi.mp\/7a6b40894adc\/healthxhousinglab_resource-library#FTS2"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref026","unstructured":"Mayor\u2019s Office of Community Mental Health DHS. Mental health services in family shelters. 2019. https:\/\/mentalhealth.cityofnewyork.us\/program\/mental-health-services-in-family-shelters"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref027","unstructured":"National Alliance on Mental Illness of New York City, Inc. Testimony: We need in-house mental health professionals in family shelters. 2022. https:\/\/naminycmetro.org\/familyshelters\/#:~:text=Meanwhile%2C%20data%20from%20the%20Mayor's,to%20June%20of%20this%20year. archived at https:\/\/perma.cc\/NAS6-LUJB"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref028","volume-title":"Local laws of the city of New York for the year 2023. No. 35: a local law","author":"Council Members Bottcher, Ayala, River, et al","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref029","unstructured":"Latham K. Council bill requires mental health services availability for families in shelters. CityLand. 2023. Accessed 2025 March 20. https:\/\/www.citylandnyc.org\/council-bill-requires-mental-health-services-availability-for-families-in-shelters\/"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref030","unstructured":"Yi K. Mental health services are coming to NYC\u2019s family shelters, but staffing concerns loom. Gothamist. 2023. Accessed 2023 September 25. https:\/\/gothamist.com\/news\/mental-health-services-are-coming-to-nycs-family-shelters-but-staffing-concerns-loom"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref031","volume-title":"Committee on General Welfare: Meeting Minutes. Monday, March 17, 2025","author":"C Chambers","year":"2025"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860850","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.860850","article-title":"Injustices in Black Maternal Health: A Call for Different Research Questions, Orientations, and Methodologies","volume":"10","author":"S Sealy-Jefferson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-097086-8.10550-1","article-title":"Mixed methods.","volume-title":"International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences (2nd edition)","author":"A Tashakkori","year":"2015"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schoonenboom J, Johnson RB. How to Construct a Mixed Methods Research Design. K\u00f6ln Z Soziol.\u00a02017;69(Supp 2).\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11577-017-0454-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11577-017-0454-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0341718.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1177\/1558689806298224","article-title":"Toward a definition of mixed methods research","volume":"1","author":"RB Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Mixed Methods Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0341718.ref036","article-title":"Three principles of pragmatism for research on organizational processes","volume":"13","author":"LM Kelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methodol Innov"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0341718.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1177\/1077800413513733","article-title":"Pragmatism as a paradigm for social research","volume":"20","author":"DL Morgan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Qualit Inq"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.56021\/9781421437903","volume-title":"The political determinants of health","author":"DE Dawes","year":"2020"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0341718.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3976","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19073976","article-title":"A citizen science approach to identifying indoor environmental barriers to optimal health for under 5s experiencing homelessness in temporary accommodation","volume":"19","author":"DM Rosenthal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref040","unstructured":"UNICEF. Brief on the social ecological model. 2024. https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/media\/135011\/file\/Global%20multisectoral%20operational%20framework.pdf"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref041","unstructured":"Rosenthal DM, Goodman M, Guastaferro K, Davis K, Kubik J, Membreno M. Co-developing SHELTER (Safe, Healthy Environments and Local Transformation for Equity and Resilience). 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/6ABN4"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref042","unstructured":"UNICEF. Child safeguarding training. 2025. Accessed 2025 April 21. https:\/\/agora.unicef.org\/course\/info.php?id=29324"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref043","unstructured":"National Alliance to End Homelessness. Providing trauma-informed care in homeless response. Center for Learning. 2024. Accessed 2025 September 23. https:\/\/learning.endhomelessness.org\/store\/3583464-providing-trauma-informed-care-in-homeless-response"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref044","unstructured":"Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the United States House of Representatives. 42 USC chapter 119, subchapter VI, part B: Education for homeless children and youths. The United States Code. 2015. Accessed 2023 May 21. https:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml?path=\/prelim@title42\/chapter119\/subchapter6\/partB&edition=prelim"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0341718.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.600","article-title":"Sample size determination: a practical guide for health researchers","volume":"24","author":"A Althubaiti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gen Fam Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0341718.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"F Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341718.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-025-02584-4","article-title":"Practical guide to calculate sample size for chi-square test in biomedical research","volume":"25","author":"H Abdul Rahman","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3352\/jeehp.2021.18.17","article-title":"Sample size determination and power analysis using the G*Power software","volume":"18","author":"H Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Educ Eval Health Prof"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref049","article-title":"Achieving saturation in thematic analysis: development and refinement of a codebook","volume":"3","author":"H Ando","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comprehen Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref050","volume-title":"Assessing your community\u2019s health. A Needs Assessment Toolkit for Health Care for the Homeless (HCH) Grantees","author":"National Health Care for the Homeless Council","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref051","unstructured":"NYC GOV. DHS providers. 2024. Accessed 2025 October 25. https:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/assets\/dhs\/downloads\/pdf\/dhs-provider-list-2024.pdf"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"PA Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0341718.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref054","unstructured":"Carey SM, Systems Engineer S, Administrator R, Babicheva V. Detecting and preventing BOT and fraudulent survey responses: a comprehensive overview. 2024. Accessed 16 January 2025\u00a0https:\/\/health.uconn.edu\/clinical-research-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/50\/2024\/05\/Avoiding-and-Detecting-Bots-and-Fraud_REDCapSurveys_.pdf"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref055","unstructured":"Moriarty J. Qualitative methods overview improving the evidence base for adult social care practice. 2011. http:\/\/www.nihr.ac.uk\/"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref056","unstructured":"Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative. National Survey of Children\u2019s Health. 2024. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/content\/dam\/Census\/programs-surveys\/nsch\/tech-documentation\/questionnaires\/2024\/2024_NSCH-S1.pdf"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref057","unstructured":"Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative. 2023 National Survey of Children\u2019s Health: Guide to Topics and Questions [Internet]. Data Resource Center for Child and Adolescent Health supported by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB). 2024 Cited 2025 Oct 24. https:\/\/www.childhealthdata.org\/docs\/default-source\/nsch-docs\/2023-nsch-guide-to-topics-and-questions_cahmi_drc.pdf"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref058","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. U.S. Census (American Community Survey). Accessed 2024 December 19. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/programs-surveys\/acs\/about\/forms-and-instructions.html"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref059","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. Census 2021 paper questionnaires. Adapted from data from the Office for National Statistics licensed under the Open Government Licence v.1.0. 2020. Accessed 2022 June 29. https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/census\/censustransformationprogramme\/questiondevelopment\/census2021paperquestionnaires"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref060","unstructured":"Homeless Link. The Homeless Health Needs Audit (HHNA): A Starter Guide. 2022. Accessed 2023 September 1. https:\/\/homelesslink-1b54.kxcdn.com\/media\/documents\/HHNA_Starter_guide.pdf"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref061","unstructured":"University of San Francisco. Housing insecurity\/ instability\/ homelessness questions. The Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network (SIREN). Accessed 2025 May 19. https:\/\/sirenetwork.ucsf.edu\/housing-insecurity-instability-homelessness-questions"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0341718.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-023-08181-9","article-title":"Implementing a social needs screening and referral program among veterans: assessing circumstances and offering resources for needs (ACORN)","volume":"38","author":"LE Russell","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref063","unstructured":"Kingfisher plc. If walls could talk. 2020. https:\/\/staticcontents.investis.com\/media\/k\/kingfisher\/kingfisher-unfit-housing-research-report-uk-v6-sireena.pdf"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref064","volume-title":"Statutory homelessness in England: the experience of families and 16-17 year olds","author":"N Pleace","year":"2008"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2019.100439","article-title":"Validating overcrowding measures using the UK household longitudinal study","volume":"8","author":"N Cable","year":"2019","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref066","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Appendix A: HOME-SF scales (NLSY79 Child). National longitudinal surveys. Accessed 2024 November 21. https:\/\/www.nlsinfo.org\/content\/cohorts\/nlsy79-children\/other-documentation\/codebook-supplement\/appendix-home-sf-scales#AppendixA1"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0341718.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0001183","article-title":"The HOME-21: a revised measure of the home environment for the 21st century tested in two independent samples","volume":"35","author":"JE Lansford","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref068","unstructured":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. 2019 NYC KIDS survey. 2019. https:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/site\/doh\/data\/data-sets\/child-chs.page"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref069","unstructured":"Economic Research Service, USDA. U.S. household food security survey module: six-item short form. 2024. https:\/\/ers.usda.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/_laserfiche\/DataFiles\/50764\/short2024.pdf?v=77152"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref070","volume-title":"2022-2023 National Survey of Children\u2019s Health (NSCH) data query. Adverse childhood experiences","author":"Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.06.026","article-title":"The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population","volume":"114","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref072","volume-title":"Instructions for Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and GAD-7 measures","author":"RL Spitzer","year":"2006"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref073","unstructured":"World Health Organization WHO. Adverse childhood experiences international questionnaire (ACE-IQ). 2018. Accessed 2022 January 4. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/adverse-childhood-experiences-international-questionnaire-(ace-iq)"},{"key":"pone.0341718.ref074","unstructured":"Tango Card. Inc. Gift card rewards and services | Tango. 2025. Accessed 2025 May 20. https:\/\/www.tangocard.com\/#\/login"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0341718","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T18:34:19Z","timestamp":1769625259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0341718"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Lakshminarayana","family":"Chekuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0341718","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]}}}