{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:03:06Z","timestamp":1787022186294,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["5R01AI148523-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01AI148523-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridioides difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the leading cause of hospital-associated diarrhea and has remained a consistent threat for older patients and those with comorbidities or vulnerabilities. The high rates of treatment failure and recurrence, along with the decreased effectiveness of first-line treatments highlight the urgent need for the development of new anti-\n                    <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    agents. \u03b1-mangostin is a natural compound isolated from the edible mangosteen fruit pericarps that has known antimicrobial activity. \u03b1-mangostin is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which is ideal for treatment of CDI to accumulate at the site of infection at concentrations capable of clearing\n                    <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We found that \u03b1-mangostin was as potent as the standard-of-care vancomycin, inhibiting a diverse panel of\n                    <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains at a concentration range of 0.5\u20132 \u00b5g\/mL. It exhibited rapid bactericidal activity, completely clearing\n                    <jats:italic>C. difficile in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    within 2 hours, surpassing vancomycin and fidaxomicin. Additionally, \u03b1-mangostin\u2019s anti-\n                    <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    activity was not affected by the high\n                    <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    inoculum. To further understand its mechanism, we investigated \u03b1-mangostin\u2019s membrane disruption activity by assessing the leakage of DNA and ATP post-exposure. \u03b1-mangostin resulted in a significant leakage of DNA and ATP indicating that its anti-\n                    <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    activity is mediated by the bacterial cell membrane disruption. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that \u03b1-mangostin possesses desirable characteristics for a promising anti-\n                    <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    which merits further investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0341857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T18:25:33Z","timestamp":1770315933000},"page":"e0341857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the natural product \u03b1-mangostin against Clostridioides difficile"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7305-1392","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brice 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