{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:00:11Z","timestamp":1790226011598,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Eimskip University Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031490","name":"The Icelandic Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031490","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031490","name":"The Icelandic Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031490","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nationwide, population-based psychiatric health data, preferably incorporating information from various assessment methods such as health registries and self-report measures, are needed to manage healthcare systems and shape public health policies. The aim of the study is to assess the psychiatric health of individuals 40 years and older by examining data on psychiatric diagnoses, medication, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction. This is a cross-sectional study using a nationwide cohort. All Icelanders 40 years and older were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study, and 80,759 (54.3%) registered. Data from health registries and validated self-report measures were used. A total of 16,764 individuals (20.8%) received one or more psychiatric diagnoses in the year prior to starting the study, with nonorganic sleep disorders, other anxiety disorders, and a depressive episode being the most common. Additionally, 27,642 (34.2%) filled at least one psychotropic prescription (19.9% without a formal diagnosis filled prescriptions), with 24.3% filling one or more prescriptions for benzodiazepine related medications or benzodiazepine derivatives. Rates of diagnoses and filled prescriptions increased across age groups. Most participants reported no or mild anxiety (94.3%), and minimal or mild depressive symptoms (88.8%). Over half (59.3%) reported satisfaction or extreme satisfaction with life. The results reveal the widespread prevalence of psychiatric disorders across the population in a real-world, nationwide context, emphasizing the need for psychiatric care. However, the non-specific and broad nature of diagnoses limits the ability to provide appropriate care. Additionally, the findings highlight a reliance on psychotropic medications to manage psychiatric symptoms and disorders, even without a formal diagnosis. The rate of filled benzodiazepine prescriptions is alarming, as these medications are not recommended as a first-line treatment for psychiatric disorders. The findings provide population-based psychiatric health data that can inform healthcare management and guide public health policy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0342075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:26:16Z","timestamp":1776273976000},"page":"e0342075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Psychiatric health of Icelandic adults 40 years or older: A nationwide study of diagnoses, medications, and symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2609-5664","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Inga","family":"Wessman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4604-4928","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lauren P.","family":"Wadsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1rus Stein\u00fe\u00f3r","family":"Gu\u00f0mundsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00deorvar\u00f0ur J\u00f3n","family":"L\u00f6ve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e6mundur","family":"R\u00f6gnvaldsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gu\u00f0mundur Bjarni","family":"Arnkelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andri","family":"\u00d3lafsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigr\u00fan","family":"\u00deorsteinsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn Lev\u00ed","family":"Gunnarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gu\u00f0r\u00fan \u00c1sta","family":"Sigur\u00f0ard\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2318-1935","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Sibrava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1sd\u00eds R\u00f3sa","family":"\u00de\u00f3r\u00f0ard\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gauti Kjartan","family":"G\u00edslason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tinna Laufey","family":"\u00c1sgeirsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigur\u00f0ur Yngvi","family":"Kristinsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andri S.","family":"Bjornsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0342075.ref001","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","author":"GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref002","volume-title":"Mental health: overview of burden and prevalence","author":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)","year":"2024"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0342075.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-023-02488-y","article-title":"A review of excluded groups and non-response in population-based mental health surveys from high-income countries","volume":"58","author":"E Wright","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0342075.ref004","first-page":"1759","article-title":"Representativeness of survey participants in relation to mental disorders: a linkage between national registers and a population-representative survey","volume":"7","author":"NC Momen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Popul Data Sci"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref005","volume-title":"Global status report on alcohol and health and treatment of substance use disorders","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18356\/9789210028233","volume-title":"World drug report 2023","author":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref007","volume-title":"Global status report on the public health response to dementia","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0342075.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-018-0911-5","article-title":"Lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates for mental disorders in northeastern Germany: findings from the Study of Health in Pomerania","volume":"269","author":"E Asselmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0342075.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-024-00658-2","article-title":"Barriers to 12-month treatment of common anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders in the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys","volume":"19","author":"MC Viana","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref010","article-title":"Psychotropic drug utilization in Europe: results from the European study of the epidemiology of mental disorders (ESEMeD) project","author":"J Alonso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref011","article-title":"Mental health treatment and service use.","volume-title":"Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey: Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, England, 2023\/24","author":"E Clery","year":"2025"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0342075.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6350","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126350","article-title":"Gender Differences in the prevalence of mental health, psychological distress and psychotropic medication consumption in Spain: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"18","author":"C Maestre-Miquel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terlizzi EP, Norris T. Mental health treatment among adults: United States, 2020. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15620\/cdc:110593","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:110593"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref014","volume-title":"Quality of life indicators \u2013 Overall experience of life","author":"Eurostat","year":"2024"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref015","article-title":"Life satisfaction in Western Europe and the gradual vanishing of the U-shape in age","author":"DC Blanchflower","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acad Ment Health Well-Being"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0342075.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0316990","article-title":"Changes in life satisfaction over six years in the general population: a longitudinal study with the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS)","volume":"20","author":"A Hinz","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0342075.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00480-w","article-title":"Iceland screens, treats, or prevents multiple myeloma (iStopMM): a population-based screening study for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and randomized controlled trial of follow-up strategies","volume":"11","author":"S R\u00f6gnvaldsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0342075.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"RL Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.12.012","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener GAD-7, based on a large German general population sample","volume":"210","author":"A Hinz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0342075.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093","article-title":"Validation and standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the general population","volume":"46","author":"B L\u00f6we","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0342075.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2014.06.002","article-title":"Beyond generalized anxiety disorder: psychometric properties of the GAD-7 in a heterogeneous psychiatric sample","volume":"28","author":"C Beard","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0342075.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004","article-title":"Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection","volume":"146","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref023","volume-title":"Psychometric properties of the Icelandic version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) [BSc thesis]","author":"R Ing\u00f3lfsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2014"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref024","author":"EH \u00d3lafsson","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref025","first-page":"25","article-title":"Pr\u00f3ffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegir eiginleikar \u00edslenskrar \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingar GAD-7 \u00ed kl\u00edn\u00edsku \u00fartaki","volume":"27","author":"D Har\u00f0ard\u00f3ttir","year":"2022","journal-title":"S\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0iriti\u00f0"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0342075.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref027","article-title":"Accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for screening to detect major depression: updated systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis","author":"ZF Negeri","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref028","article-title":"Data-driven cutoff selection for the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression screening tool","author":"B Levis","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref029","author":"F \u00c1g\u00fastsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref030","first-page":"91","article-title":"Pr\u00f3ffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegir eiginleikar sheehan disability scale, quality of life scale og patient health questionnaire \u00ed \u00edslenskri \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu","volume":"23","author":"AS Bj\u00f6rnsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Icel J Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref031","author":"VE P\u00e1lsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2007"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref032","author":"KH Krist\u00f3fersd\u00f3ttir","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref033","article-title":"The satisfaction with life scale","author":"ED Diener","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref034","article-title":"The German version of the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS)","author":"H Glaesmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0342075.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000181","article-title":"A cross-national analysis of measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale","volume":"28","author":"MA Whisman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref036","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the satisfaction with life scale among Turkish university students, correctional officers, and elderly adults","author":"M Durak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref037","author":"KE P\u00e9tursd\u00f3ttir","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref038","author":"AB Unnarsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref039","unstructured":"The Directorate of Health. Registers and health information. 2022. Accessed 2025 November 2. https:\/\/www.landlaeknir.is\/english\/registersandhealthinformation\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0342075.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948211059974","article-title":"Validity of chronic disease diagnoses in Icelandic healthcare registries","volume":"51","author":"S R\u00f6gnvaldsson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51455-6_17","article-title":"Icelandic medicines registry (IMR).","volume-title":"Databases for pharmacoepidemiological research","author":"LS Gudmundsson","year":"2021"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref042","unstructured":"RStudio Team. RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R. 2025. Accessed 2025 November 2. http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102507","article-title":"Prescribing and deprescribing guidance for benzodiazepine and benzodiazepine receptor agonist use in adults with depression, anxiety, and insomnia: an international scoping review","volume":"70","author":"J Brandt","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref044","author":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref045","unstructured":"Dattani S, Rod\u00e9s-Guirao L, Ritchie H, Roser M. Mental health. 2023. Accessed 2024 May 1. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/mental-health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0342075.ref046","first-page":"559","article-title":"The prevalence of mental disorders in the Greater-Reykjavik area","volume":"95","author":"JG Stef\u00e1nsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laeknabladid"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref047","volume-title":"Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: results from the 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)","year":"2025"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref048","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD 2021 data input sources tool. 2024. Accessed 2024 October 28. https:\/\/ghdx.healthdata.org\/gbd-2021\/data-input-sources"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03118.x","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence of specific mental disorders among persons born in Iceland in 1931","volume":"84","author":"JG Stef\u00e1nsson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0342075.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.04.006","article-title":"Standardization of the depression screener patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population","volume":"35","author":"R-D Kocalevent","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref051","volume-title":"Gender Equality Index 2021: Health","author":"European Institute for Gender Equality","year":"2021"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2025.105448","article-title":"Gender differences in healthcare utilization across Europe: evidence from the European health interview survey","volume":"162","author":"D Golinelli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0342075.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713001116","article-title":"Mood and anxiety disorders across the adult lifespan: a European perspective","volume":"44","author":"RD McDowell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0342075.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.35","article-title":"High occurrence of mood and anxiety disorders among older adults: the national comorbidity survey replication","volume":"67","author":"AL Byers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0342075.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480701773311","article-title":"Epidemiology of psychotropic medication use: comparison of sales, prescriptions and survey data in Iceland","volume":"61","author":"K T\u00f3masson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.04.002","article-title":"Relationship between the use of benzodiazepines and falls in older adults: a systematic review","volume":"101","author":"MJ D\u00edaz-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0342075.ref057","article-title":"Uncertain association between benzodiazepine use and the risk of dementia: a cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Y-H Baek","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0342075.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033545","article-title":"Association between prescription of hypnotics\/anxiolytics and mortality in multimorbid and non-multimorbid patients: a longitudinal cohort study in primary care","volume":"9","author":"K Linnet","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0342075.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201800321","article-title":"Benzodiazepine Use and Misuse Among Adults in the United States","volume":"70","author":"DT Maust","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0342075.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(23)00037-8","article-title":"Grading disorder severity and averted burden by access to treatment within the GBD framework: a case study with anxiety disorders","volume":"10","author":"DF Santomauro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0342075.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e328105e0f2","article-title":"Benzodiazepine prescribing to the Swiss adult population: results from a national survey of community pharmacies","volume":"22","author":"S Petitjean","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"pone.0342075.ref062","volume-title":"Use of addictive medicine","author":"Nordic Medico-Statistical Committee (NOMESCO)","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0342075.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13811","article-title":"Use of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs in the Nordic countries between 2000 and 2020","volume":"132","author":"M H\u00f8jlund","year":"2023","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0342075.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5235-x","article-title":"The fundamental association between mental health and life satisfaction: results from successive waves of a Canadian national survey","volume":"18","author":"P Lombardo","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0342075.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10591-024-09707-x","article-title":"Is resilience the bridge connecting social and family factors to mental well-being and life satisfaction?","volume":"47","author":"O Peleg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Contemp Fam Ther"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0342075","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:26:26Z","timestamp":1776273986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0342075"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Yasin Hasan","family":"Balcioglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0342075","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]}}}