{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T18:12:05Z","timestamp":1778523125042,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical research is essential for medical advancement but contributes to carbon emissions through activities such as travel, data management, and laboratory processes. As healthcare systems move towards net-zero targets, there is a growing need to understand public awareness of and attitudes towards environmental sustainability in clinical research. Public and patient involvement (PPI) can enhance the relevance and acceptability of research, however there is limited evidence on how best to co-develop tools to assess public understanding of sustainable clinical research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a two-phase protocol. Phase I involves the co-development of an anonymous online survey with PPI partners through two structured workshops. Survey themes, topics, questions and format will be agreed collaboratively, and the co-development process will be evaluated using qualitative data collected during the workshops. These data will be analysed thematically, using Braun &amp; Clarke\u2019s (2006) framework. Phase II involves distribution of the survey to clinical research, patient and public networks using an online platform. Survey data will be analysed using descriptive statistics for quantitative data and inductive content analysis for qualitative responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study will generate a co-developed survey instrument and provide insights into public understanding of sustainable clinical research. Reporting on both the survey findings and the PPI co-development process will inform future research and support the development of sustainable research clinical practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0342279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T17:38:58Z","timestamp":1778521138000},"page":"e0342279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Co-developing a survey on public understanding of sustainable clinical research: A study protocol"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0863-4222","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dylan","family":"Keegan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0109-9650","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Linda","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Doran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0342279.ref001","article-title":"Clinical trials and clinical research: a comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"V Kandi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0342279.ref002","article-title":"Outcomes of patients who participate in randomized controlled trials compared to similar patients receiving similar interventions who do not participate","volume":"2008","author":"GE Vist","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0342279.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2830","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15671","article-title":"The carbon footprint of healthcare settings: a systematic review","volume":"79","author":"L Rodr\u00edguez-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0342279.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-078464","article-title":"Carbon footprint of healthcare systems: a systematic review of evidence and methods","volume":"14","author":"M Keil","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0342279.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075755","article-title":"Quantifying the carbon footprint of clinical trials: guidance development and case studies","volume":"14","author":"J Griffiths","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0342279.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-022-00930-2","article-title":"Transparent reporting of research-related greenhouse gas emissions through the scientific CO2nduct initiative","volume":"5","author":"R Sweke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Phys"},{"key":"pone.0342279.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173359","article-title":"Greenhouse gases emissions and global climate change. 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