{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T18:04:27Z","timestamp":1791050667183,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the changes in visual outcomes and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in patients with lamellar macular hole (LMH) following vitrectomy. Consecutive patients diagnosed with LMH based on OCT findings who underwent vitrectomy between April 2020 and December 2023 were included. Forty-two patients (male, n\u2009=\u200921; female, n\u2009=\u200921; mean age, 71.3\u2009\u00b1\u20098.2 years) were included in the study. Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT parameters, including the presence of inner and outer retinal cysts, epiretinal proliferation (EP), and ellipsoid zone disruption (EZ), were analyzed. Postoperative BCVA was assessed at 6 months after surgery, and postoperative OCT findings were evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months using all available data. Mean BCVA significantly improved from 0.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.33 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution preoperatively to 0.15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.26 at 6 months postoperatively (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The frequency of eyes with inner retinal cysts was 21.4% preoperatively, which gradually decreased to 8.0% at 6 months postoperatively. The frequency of outer retinal cysts was 54.8% preoperatively, which significantly decreased to 12.0% at 6 months postoperatively (p\u2009=\u20090.00937). The presence of EP was significantly correlated with worse postoperative BCVA (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Both preoperative and postoperative EZ disruptions significantly correlated with worse postoperative BCVA (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Vitrectomy for LMH improves visual acuity and reduces most intraretinal cysts within 6 months. EP, EZ disruption, and poor preoperative visual acuity were identified as factors associated with poor visual outcomes in patients with LMH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0342652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:24:31Z","timestamp":1770834271000},"page":"e0342652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Changes in visual acuity and retinal microstructures following vitrectomy for lamellar macular hole"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4660-443X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Goto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7188-9228","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Noriko","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosai","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Kunishige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiki","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0342652.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01818-1","article-title":"Foveal microstructure and visual function in patients with lamellar macular hole, epiretinal membrane foveoschisis or macular pseudohole","volume":"36","author":"K Nakamura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0342652.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100305","article-title":"Quantitative Analyses of Retinal Traction Force and Metamorphopsia in Lamellar Macular Hole and Related Diseases","volume":"3","author":"M Mino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0342652.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2023.09.016","article-title":"Natural History and Surgical Outcomes of Lamellar Macular Holes","volume":"8","author":"I Chehaibou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0342652.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-315432","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography-based consensus definition for lamellar macular hole","volume":"104","author":"JP Hubschman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0342652.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002326","article-title":"Pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of tractional and degenerative lamellar macular holes: functional and anatomical results","volume":"39","author":"MS Figueroa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0342652.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247509","article-title":"Visual outcomes and prognostic factors of vitrectomy for lamellar macular holes and epiretinal membrane foveoschisis","volume":"16","author":"T Omoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0342652.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246667","article-title":"Primary vitrectomy for degenerative and tractional lamellar macular holes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"G Parisi","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0342652.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31828bcb61","article-title":"Modified vitreous surgery for symptomatic lamellar macular hole with epiretinal membrane containing macular pigment","volume":"33","author":"F Shiraga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0342652.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04425-9","article-title":"Results of lamellar macular hole-associated epiretinal proliferation embedding technique for the treatment of degenerative lamellar macular hole","volume":"257","author":"K Takahashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0342652.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-021-00297-6","article-title":"Surgical outcomes in patients with lamellar macular holes selected based on the optical coherence tomography consensus definition","volume":"7","author":"I Chehaibou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitreous"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0342652.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.07.009","article-title":"Embedding Technique versus Conventional Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Lamellar Macular Holes with Epiretinal Proliferation","volume":"7","author":"M Kanai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0342652.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003905","article-title":"Use of a Backflush Needle with a Silicone Tip Cannula to Embed Lamellar Hole-Associated Epiretinal Proliferation","volume":"43","author":"M Fukushima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0342652.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01631-w","article-title":"Embedding and sparing of lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation in the treatment of lamellar macular holes","volume":"36","author":"T-T Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0342652.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.JNMS.2024_91-216","article-title":"Nippon Medical School\u2019s Ethical Review Processes for Studies Involving Human Subjects","volume":"91","author":"T Otsuka","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nippon Med Sch"},{"key":"pone.0342652.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000004166","article-title":"Mixed pathophysiologies of lamellar macular holes and related diseases: A multimodal optical coherence tomography-based study","volume":"44","author":"R Matoba","year":"2024","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0342652.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01674-0","article-title":"Degenerative lamellar macular holes: tractional development and morphological alterations","volume":"41","author":"A Bringmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0342652.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.02.008","article-title":"Lamellar Macular Hole: Two Distinct Clinical Entities?","volume":"164","author":"A Govetto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0342652.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15010027","article-title":"Functional and Anatomical Outcomes of Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Lamellar Macular Hole: Long-Term Follow-Up","volume":"15","author":"F Giansanti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0342652.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-310128","article-title":"Progression of lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation and retinal changes during long-term follow-up","volume":"102","author":"D Compera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0342652.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(82)34698-9","article-title":"Pathology of cystoid macular edema","volume":"89","author":"MO Tso","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0342652.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001100","article-title":"Postoperative inner nuclear layer microcysts affecting long-term visual outcomes after epiretinal membrane surgery","volume":"36","author":"S-J Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0342652.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59295-7","article-title":"Correlations between intraretinal cystoid cavities and pre- and postoperative characteristics of eyes after closure of idiopathic macular hole","volume":"10","author":"K Goto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0342652.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003618","article-title":"Three-dimensional quantification of intraretinal cystoid spaces associated with full-thickness macular hole","volume":"42","author":"K Tsuboi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0342652.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168555","article-title":"Surgical Outcome of Idiopathic Epiretinal Membranes with Intraretinal Cystic Spaces","volume":"11","author":"Y Shiode","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0342652.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2011.190","article-title":"Use of systemic steroid after successful macular surgery in eyes with epiretinal membrane: a randomized, controlled clinical study","volume":"25","author":"M Ritter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0342652.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.09.019","article-title":"Foveal photoreceptor layer in eyes with persistent cystoid macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion","volume":"145","author":"M Ota","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0342652.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6703076","article-title":"Correlation between visual function and photoreceptor inner\/outer segment junction in patients with retinitis pigmentosa","volume":"23","author":"S Aizawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0342652.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.06.006","article-title":"Inner segment\/outer segment junction assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane","volume":"150","author":"M Inoue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0342652.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12685","article-title":"Ellipsoid zone on optical coherence tomography: a review","volume":"44","author":"LW Tao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0342652.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.05.010","article-title":"Lamellar Hole-Associated Epiretinal Proliferation in Comparison to Epiretinal Membranes of Macular Pseudoholes","volume":"160","author":"D Compera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0342652.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2018.0070","article-title":"Epiretinal Proliferation Associated with Lamellar Hole or Macular Hole: Origin and Surgical Prognosis","volume":"33","author":"YS Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0342652.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15156","article-title":"Evaluation of neuroretinal integrity in optical coherence tomography-graded eyes with partial-thickness macular holes","volume":"100","author":"H Stino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0342652.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01617-4","article-title":"Surgery outcomes of lamellar macular eyes with or without lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation: a meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"H Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0342652","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:24:37Z","timestamp":1770834277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0342652"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0342652","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]}}}