{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T19:33:50Z","timestamp":1772480030120,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2024YFC2311202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2311202"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai's three-year plan for Public Health Talent Training","award":["GWVI-11.2-YQ03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GWVI-11.2-YQ03"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82102406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82102406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Independent project of Shanghai Sci-Tech Inno Center for Infection & Immunity","award":["SSIII-202404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SSIII-202404"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project","award":["HS2021SHZX001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HS2021SHZX001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Asymptomatic tuberculosis (TB) is increasingly recognised through active case finding and prevalence surveys. However, treatment strategies for this patient group remain poorly defined, and there is no consensus on optimal regimens, duration, or outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will conduct a systematic review of observational and interventional studies reporting anti-TB treatment in patients with asymptomatic TB. Databases including MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library will be searched without language restrictions. Outcomes of interest include favourable outcome rate, treatment coverage, success rate, relapse, mortality, loss to follow-up, adverse events, and patient-reported outcomes such as pill burden and treatment discontinuation. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment will be performed independently by two reviewers, following PRISMA guidelines. Where appropriate, meta-analyses will be conducted using a random-effects model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review will provide a comprehensive synthesis of current evidence on the treatment of asymptomatic TB. It aims to inform future clinical and public health strategies, including the potential for simplified or shortened treatment regimens tailored to this population. By identifying gaps and inconsistencies in current practice, the findings will support evidence-based decision-making and contribute to global TB control efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0342929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T18:28:32Z","timestamp":1772476112000},"page":"e0342929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Treatment of asymptomatic tuberculosis: Protocol for a systematic review of treatment strategies, regimens, and clinical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ammar","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shijia","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingyun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiqin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9165-3212","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0342929.ref001","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2024","author":"WHO","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0342929.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00028-6","article-title":"Classification of early tuberculosis states to guide research for improved care and prevention: an international Delphi consensus exercise","volume":"12","author":"AK Coussens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"pone.0342929.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102332","article-title":"Beyond latent and active tuberculosis: a scoping review of conceptual frameworks","volume":"66","author":"SMA Zaidi","year":"2023","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0342929.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00069-0","article-title":"The hidden threat of subclinical tuberculosis","volume":"24","author":"X Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0342929.ref005","volume-title":"Report of the WHO consultation on asymptomatic tuberculosis","author":"WHO","year":"2024"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0342929.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00011-2","article-title":"Prevalence of subclinical pulmonary tuberculosis in adults in community settings: an individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"L Stuck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0342929.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103928","article-title":"Mind the gap - Managing tuberculosis across the disease spectrum","volume":"78","author":"H Esmail","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0342929.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8090447","article-title":"Spectrum of TB Disease and Treatment Outcomes in a Mobile Community Based Active Case Finding Program in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia","volume":"8","author":"NR Ananda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"172","key":"pone.0342929.ref009","article-title":"Subclinical tuberculosis: a meta-analysis of prevalence and scoping review of definitions, prevalence and clinical characteristics","volume":"33","author":"AKJ Teo","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Respiratory Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0342929.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-01542-z","article-title":"PRISMA-S: an extension to the PRISMA Statement for Reporting Literature Searches in Systematic Reviews","volume":"10","author":"ML Rethlefsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0342929.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"D Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"pone.0342929.ref012","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0342929.ref013","volume-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses","author":"GA Wells","year":"2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0342929.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12","article-title":"A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"M Borenstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0342929.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2006.04.004","article-title":"Random-effects model for meta-analysis of clinical trials: an update","volume":"28","author":"R DerSimonian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"pone.0342929.ref016","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"Team RDC R","year":"2010"},{"key":"pone.0342929.ref017","article-title":"Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline","volume":"368","author":"M Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0342929.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9400","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53273-7","article-title":"Risk-stratified treatment for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"15","author":"VK Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0342929.ref019","article-title":"Introducing molecular testing of pyrazinamide susceptibility improves multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a prospective cohort study","volume":"53","author":"F Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"pone.0342929.ref020","volume-title":"Guidance on evidence generation on new regimens for tuberculosis treatment","author":"WHO","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0342929","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T18:28:37Z","timestamp":1772476117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0342929"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Felix","family":"Bongomin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0342929","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]}}}