{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:41:17Z","timestamp":1791855677737,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1403-1-125-71090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1403-1-125-71090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Transplantation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) is a promising approach to enhance remyelination; however, the influence of the OPCs\u2019 microenvironmental origin on their therapeutic efficacy remains unclear. This study compared the remyelinating capacity of OPCs isolated from inflammatory (lipopolysaccharide) and non-inflammatory (cuprizone) microenvironments after transplanting into the corpus callosum and examined their effects on extracellular matrix chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OPCs were isolated from two microenvironments and characterized by immunocytochemistry and RT-qPCR. After transplanting, OPC homing, remyelination, gene expression, and CSPG levels were evaluated using DiI labeling, LFB staining, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Severe demyelination exhibited in the cuprizone group compared with healthy controls (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) by Luxol fast blue staining. Myelin content significantly increased in both transplating OPCs groups (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with a higher impact observed in mice received OPCs isolated from cuprizone as compared with lipopolysaccharide (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Also, RT-qPCR analysis exhibited significantly reduced MBP expression in the cuprizone group, whereas was significantly increased after OPC transplantation, particularly in the cuprizone-derived OPC group (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), whereas a lower increased with lipopolysaccharide-derived OPCs (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). MOG expression exhibited a same pattern, with a significantly increase in the cuprizone-derived OPC group compared with both the cuprizone and lipopolysaccharide-derived OPC groups (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Additionally, Immunofluorescence analysis exhibited increasing CSPG4 levels in the cuprizone group, but significantly reduced after OPC transplantation (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Notably, in the cuprizone-derived OPC group higher reduction of CSPG4 levels observed compare with in the lipopolysaccharide-derived OPC group (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OPC transplantation improves remyelination and reduces the CSPG level, but the effectiveness is more related to the previous history of the OPC isolation microenvironment and the new donor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0343039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T18:25:54Z","timestamp":1771439154000},"page":"e0343039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of transplanted oligodendrocyte precursor cells derived from inflammatory and non-inflammatory microenvironment on remyelination in a chronic cuprizone model"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Hoda","family":"Akbari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iraj","family":"Ragerdi-Kashani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Rezaei-Yazdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parichehr","family":"Pasbakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0343039.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2015.08.004","article-title":"GM-CSF in Neuroinflammation: Licensing Myeloid Cells for Tissue Damage","volume":"36","author":"AL 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