{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T18:01:18Z","timestamp":1784916078798,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI20\/00735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI20\/00735"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CB21\/13\/00091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB21\/13\/00091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PT20\/00138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT20\/00138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Currently, integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are the cornerstone of antiretroviral therapy (ART), providing potent viral suppression and good tolerability. Emerging evidence suggests that INSTI-based regimens may exert different effects on immune and metabolic pathways, potentially influencing inflammation and comorbidity risk. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of various first-line INSTI-based regimens on a panel of circulating biomarkers in treatment-na\u00efve individuals with HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included ART-na\u00efve adults (\u226518 years) with confirmed HIV-1 infection initiating a non-boosted INSTI according to the treating physicians\u2019 decisions. The regimen included were bictegravir\/emtricitabine\/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC\/TAF\/FTC or Group 1 [G1]), dolutegravir\/lamivudine (DTG\/3TC or Group 2 [G2]), and dolutegravir\/abacavir\/lamivudine (DTG\/ABC\/3TC or Group 3 [G3]). Participants receiving DTG\/ABC\/3TC were enrolled via the Spanish CoRIS cohort, with samples from the HIV BioBank. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 48 weeks. Biomarkers were grouped into six categories: pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, immune activation, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic markers, and tryptophan catabolism. Changes from baseline were analyzed using Kruskal\u2013Wallis and Dunn\u2019s tests; linear mixed-effects models assessed longitudinal trends.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 62 participants. All regimens achieved viral suppression and increased CD4\u2009+\u2009counts, with the greatest CD4\u2009+\u2009gain in G3. At baseline, G3 had higher TNF, CD40, ICAM-1, and lower IL-10 and leptin levels. After 48 weeks, G3 showed a significant increase in IL-10 and greater declines in CD163 and ICAM-1. Mixed models confirmed distinct longitudinal patterns in CD4\u2009+\u2009counts, CD163, and IL-10 in G3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All INSTI-based regimens led to immune restoration, but modest differences in biomarker trajectories suggest distinct immunomodulatory effects. The clinical relevance of these differences remains unclear and warrants further study to assess their role in long-term comorbidity risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0343230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T18:27:36Z","timestamp":1771439256000},"page":"e0343230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal changes in circulating biomarkers from baseline to week 48 in treatment-Na\u00efve people living with HIV initiating integrase inhibitor-based antiretroviral 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