{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T16:30:52Z","timestamp":1782405052498,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1510112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1510112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Youth Science Research Program of the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province","award":["202203021212274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202203021212274"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the complex geological conditions of coal-rock, the cutting head of coal mine excavation machines experiences severe fluctuations in loads, making it difficult for existing macroscopic controls to accurately capture the microscopic loads on the cutting pick. Therefore, a dynamic simulation and intelligent control model for the cutting head load of an adaptive roadheader based on multi-scale coupled simulation is developed. The study first modifies the classical load model through finite element method to accurately simulate the microscopic interaction between the cutting pick and the rock mass. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II in elite strategy is used to construct a multi-objective optimization model to determine the optimal parameters for cutting head speed and swing speed. Finally, load dynamic control is achieved by combining radial basis function proportional-integral-derivative controller, and multi-body dynamics-discrete element method and proximal policy optimization are introduced to improve the adaptability to complex working conditions. Test results from different operation scenarios showed that the path planning error of the model met high-precision excavation requirements in regular roadways. During the long-term stable operation phase, the energy consumption ratio and energy utilization efficiency were significantly improved compared to traditional solutions. Faced with slight changes in coal-rock hardness, this model provided early warnings effectively. Under single-point fracture failure, load stability was quickly restored. In the constant operating condition performance test, the model demonstrated significant steady-state control accuracy with minimal mean square error and zero overshoot. Furthermore, a pilot engineering application in a high-gas coal mine roadway demonstrated that the relative error between the simulated and measured loads was controlled within 6.5%, validating the practical feasibility of the proposed system. This study can effectively reduce pick failure, improve excavation efficiency, provide core technical support for the \u201cless manpower, unmanned\u201d operation of coal mines, and assist in the safe and efficient upgrading of the coal industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0343250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T17:28:52Z","timestamp":1773077332000},"page":"e0343250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dynamic simulation and intelligent control technology for cutting head load of coal mine roadheader"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2383-5472","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junling","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muqin","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0343250.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1111\/mice.12997","article-title":"Automation of haulers for debris removal in tunnel construction","volume":"38","author":"JE Naranjo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computer aided Civil Eng"},{"key":"pone.0343250.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-021-08360-0","article-title":"Bifurcation and chaos analysis of cutter head-spindle system of VH-CATT gear machine tool considering time-varying stiffness","volume":"124","author":"S Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Adv Manuf Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343250.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s12205-022-0082-9","article-title":"Prediction Model for the Teeth Hob Cutter of Tunnel Boring Machines in High-content Quartzite Strata","volume":"27","author":"X Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343250.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-01965-y","article-title":"An open database on global coal and metal mine production","volume":"10","author":"S Jasansky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343250.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s43236-022-00532-9","article-title":"DC-side admittance model of converters with constant power control considering DC-side voltage fluctuation","volume":"23","author":"X Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Power Electron"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0343250.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.21595\/jve.2024.24175","article-title":"Research on intelligent cutting control technology of transverse moving machine for large cross-section roadheader","volume":"26","author":"W Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J vibroeng"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0343250.ref007","first-page":"2030","article-title":"State recognition based adaptive cutting method for roadheader","volume":"239","author":"G Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343250.ref008","first-page":"320","article-title":"Roadheader horizontal swing movement based on VP technology and SVR algorithm","volume":"238","author":"X Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0343250.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3617","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-023-09913-0","article-title":"Stability and Conditioning of Immersed Finite Element Methods: Analysis and Remedies","volume":"30","author":"F de Prenter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Computat Methods Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0343250.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-023-09911-2","article-title":"A Review: Applications of the Spectral Finite Element Method","volume":"30","author":"MB Hafeez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Computat Methods Eng"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0343250.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5720","DOI":"10.1080\/15397734.2023.2262562","article-title":"Analyzing of continuous and discontinuous contact problems of a functionally graded layer: theory of elasticity and finite element method","volume":"52","author":"M Yaylac\u0131","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343250.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/10168664.2021.1944454","article-title":"Residual Capacity Evaluation of Masonry Arch Bridges by Extended Finite Element Method","volume":"33","author":"Dr Yazdani M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Structural Engineering International"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0343250.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06785-y","article-title":"AI-driven rehabilitation and assistive robotic system with intelligent PID controller based on RBF neural networks","volume":"35","author":"W Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Comput & Applic"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343250.ref014","first-page":"29","article-title":"A review of adaptive tuning of PID-controller: optimization techniques and applications","volume":"15","author":"IA Abbas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Nonlinear Anal Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343250.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1108\/IR-07-2024-0327","article-title":"Adaptive impedance control method for manipulator based on radial basis function","volume":"52","author":"S Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IR"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0343250.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16514","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2024.3390739","article-title":"Neural Network\/PID Adaptive Compound Control Based on RBFNN Identification Modeling for an Aerial Inertially Stabilized Platform","volume":"71","author":"X Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Electron"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0343250.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3842","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2023.3287921","article-title":"Multiobjective Optimization of Roll-Forming Procedure Using NSGA-II and Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Network","volume":"21","author":"MRC Qazani","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Automat Sci Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0343250.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4032","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3515997","article-title":"Multiobjective Vehicle Routing Optimization With Time Windows: A Hybrid Approach Using Deep Reinforcement Learning and NSGA-II","volume":"26","author":"R Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transport Syst"},{"key":"pone.0343250.ref019","article-title":"State-of-the-Art Constitutive Modelling of Frozen Soils","author":"K-Q Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Computat Methods Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343250.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00603-024-04266-x","article-title":"A Numerical Study on the Rock Breakage Mechanism with TBM Disk Cutter in Calcareous Cemented Sand Pebble Stratum Using a Coupled FEM-DEM Method","volume":"58","author":"W Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rock Mech Rock Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0343250.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00603-023-03636-1","article-title":"Introducing a New Model for Prediction of Mean Cutting Forces Acting on Conical Pick Cutters","volume":"57","author":"A Morshedlou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rock Mech Rock Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343250.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1007\/s13540-024-00294-0","article-title":"A review of constitutive models for non-Newtonian fluids","volume":"27","author":"H Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fract Calc Appl Anal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343250.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/17486025.2020.1716081","article-title":"An automated a priori knowledge-based p-adaptive three-dimensional finite element mesh improvement method for stress analysis of underground excavations with prismatic cross-sections","volume":"17","author":"R Ibrahim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geomechanics and Geoengineering"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0343250.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-023-10526-z","article-title":"A comprehensive survey on NSGA-II for multi-objective optimization and applications","volume":"56","author":"H Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343250.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3235198","article-title":"FEM-Inclusive Transfer Learning for Bistable Piezoelectric MEMS Energy Harvester Design","volume":"23","author":"A Abouzarkhanifard","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343250.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00603-022-03099-w","article-title":"Investigations on Cutting Force and Temperature Field of Pick Cutter Based on Single Factor and Orthogonal Test Methods","volume":"56","author":"L-C Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rock Mech Rock Eng"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0343250.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13047","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-023-07691-2","article-title":"Numerical and Experimental Research on Optimal Pick Layout Design of the Bolter Miner Cutting Head","volume":"48","author":"F Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arab J Sci Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0343250.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1007\/s12205-023-1683-7","article-title":"A Case Study of Cutting Performance by a Transverse Cutting Head Based on Three-Dimensional Particle Flow Model","volume":"27","author":"K Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343250.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.47852\/bonviewAAES32021184","article-title":"Control of the BLDC Motor Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Tuning PID Parameters","volume":"2","author":"YK Poudel","year":"2023","journal-title":"AAES"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0343250.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06785-y","article-title":"AI-driven rehabilitation and assistive robotic system with intelligent PID controller based on RBF neural networks","volume":"35","author":"W Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Comput & Applic"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343250.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s11629-021-6930-0","article-title":"Numerical investigation of rock dynamic fragmentation during rockslides using a coupled 3D FEM-DEM method","volume":"19","author":"Y Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Mt Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343250.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1177\/01445987241294258","article-title":"Numerical investigation on rock fragmentation during indentation with a conical pick based on discrete element method","volume":"43","author":"X Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Exploration & Exploitation"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0343250.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1111\/mice.13428","article-title":"Reinforcement learning\u2010based trajectory planning for continuous digging of excavator working devices in trenching tasks","volume":"40","author":"X Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Computer aided Civil Eng"},{"key":"pone.0343250.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82596","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3196476","article-title":"A Novel Temporal Feature Selection Based LSTM Model for Electrical Short-Term Load Forecasting","volume":"10","author":"K Ijaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"pone.0343250.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51561","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3174625","article-title":"Efficient Load Frequency Control of Renewable Integrated Power System: A Twin Delayed DDPG-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","volume":"10","author":"J Khalid","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0343250","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T17:28:59Z","timestamp":1773077339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0343250"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0343250","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]}}}