{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:39:53Z","timestamp":1791905993143,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study evaluated the internal consistency and factorial validity of a sport-adjusted 15-item version of the Toxic Leadership Scale (TLS-S). The sample consisted of 189 Swedish elite team sport athletes (56 females, 132 males, 1 preferred not to disclose; mean age\u2009=\u200917.9 years, SD\u2009=\u20093.3) from 21 different teams (ice hockey n\u2009=\u200968; soccer n\u2009=\u200960; American football n\u2009=\u200926; basketball n\u2009=\u200915; handball n\u2009=\u200914; volleyball n\u2009=\u20093; other team sports not specified or multiple sports n\u2009=\u20093). Participants competed at different performance levels: sub-elite (n\u2009=\u200915), national junior elite (n\u2009=\u2009105), international junior elite (n\u2009=\u200926), national senior elite (n\u2009=\u200930), international senior elite (n\u2009=\u200912), and other not specified (n\u2009=\u20091). Results showed adequate internal consistency (\u03c9\n                    <jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u2009.70) for the total TLS-S score and all subscales except the authoritarian leadership subscale (\u03c9\n                    <jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.61). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable model fit for both a five-factor and a one-factor model. While the five-factor model (\u03c7\u00b2(80)=135.87, p\u2009&lt;\u2009.001; CFI\u2009=\u2009.98; RMSEA\u2009=\u2009.062 [90% CI:\u2002.044\u2013.080]; SRMR\u2009=\u2009.044) was superior to the one-factor solution (difference test: \u03c7\u00b2(10)=53.60, p\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), intercorrelations across subscales were high (range:\u2002.73\u2212.92). A bifactor model supported a unidimensional structure (explained common variance\u2009=\u2009.79; percentage of uncontaminated correlations\u2009=\u2009.86). The findings provide psychometric evidence for the TLS-S and support a unidimensional structure. This study constitutes an important initial step toward facilitating the quantitative assessment of toxic leadership within sport environments, with the TLS-S emerging as a promising instrument for this purpose.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0343533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T18:46:02Z","timestamp":1772822762000},"page":"e0343533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing toxic leadership in high-performance sports: Psychometric validation of a Swedish Version of the Toxic Leadership Scale for Sports (TLS-S)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6570-5480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carolina","family":"Lundqvist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saga","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0343533.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4084","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-024-07205-9","article-title":"What are the individual and collective consequences of transformational leadership coaching? 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