{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T18:50:59Z","timestamp":1774464659212,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018694","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant agreement no 955590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant agreement no 955590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018694","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with an abnormal birth are at risk of having ophthalmic complications and visual impairment. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between birth-related characteristics and vision-related quality of life (VR-QoL) in adults in the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from Lifelines, a population-based cohort study from the North of Netherlands (n\u2009=\u2009167,000). We included individuals with National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (NEI-VFQ-25) data (n\u2009=\u200929,840; 18\u201355 years). Included birth-related characteristics were gestation length, birth weight, mode of delivery, and the presence of birth defects. We used ordinal regression with the NEI-VFQ-25 items as dependent variable and the birth-related characteristics as independent variables. Analyses were adjusted for age and gender, and corrected for multiple hypothesis testing using false discovery rate (FDR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants with birth defects directly related to eye or brain development showed a poor VR-QoL in 9\/10 subscales (FDR-corrected P value q\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 to 0.05) with the most pronounced effect for difficulties performing peripheral vision-related activities. Individuals with birth defects not directly related to eye or brain development showed a poor VR-QoL in 4\/10 subscales (q\u2009=\u20090.02 to 0.05). Early preterm birth was related to the general vision (q\u2009=\u20090.02) and vision specific social functioning (q\u2009=\u20090.05) subscales. High birth weight (&gt;4500 g) contributed to general vision problems (q\u2009=\u20090.05), and vacuum or forceps mode of delivery was associated with difficulties performing activities under low luminance conditions (q\u2009=\u20090.02).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At the level of the general population, birth-related characteristics are related to VR-QoL. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, future studies could add visual function to the questionnaire outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0343620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T17:27:13Z","timestamp":1774459633000},"page":"e0343620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Birth-related characteristics predict vision-related quality of life in adults: A population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2345-8068","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jannet","family":"Philip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frouke 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