{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T19:16:50Z","timestamp":1772219810165,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, India","award":["DBT-BT\/PR48349\/MED\/32\/832\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DBT-BT\/PR48349\/MED\/32\/832\/2023"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANRF-CRG\/2022\/005845"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANRF-CRG\/2022\/005845"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, India","award":["DBT-BT\/PR48349\/MED\/32\/832\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DBT-BT\/PR48349\/MED\/32\/832\/2023"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANRF-CRG\/2022\/005845"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANRF-CRG\/2022\/005845"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The deformation and failure behavior of sutures play a vital role in the surgical outcomes of soft tissue encountered in ophthalmic surgeries. In the present study, the mechanical characteristics of ophthalmic sutures, including 6\u20130\/7\u20130\/8\u20130 braided-Vicryl, 8\u20130\/9\u20130\/10\u20130 monofilament-Nylon, and 9\u20130\/10\u20130 monofilament-Polypropylene sutures, are investigated under straight configuration (SC), knotted configuration (KC), and looped configuration (LC). Uniaxial tensile tests of sutures were conducted according to ASTM D2256\/D2256M-21 at a strain rate of 30\u2009mm\/min with a gauge length of 120\u2009mm. The initial stiffness, yield strength, breaking strength, elongation at break, resilience, and work of rupture were obtained from the experiments. Vicryl and Nylon sutures exhibited an\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    -shaped load vs. extension response, while Polypropylene exhibited an\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    -shaped profile. The sutures in SC displayed a smooth load vs. extension curve. Whereas the sutures in KC and LC showed a small load drop in the inelastic region during the full development of the knot. Further, fractography of failed surfaces was investigated using SEM to characterize the fracture behavior. Vicryl sutures predominantly failed in the high-strain-rate tensile break, whereas Nylon and Polypropylene sutures failed in the low-strain-rate tensile break in the SC. Meanwhile, the sutures in KC and LC experienced mainly tensile-shear failure due to the presence of knots. The present study\u2019s outcomes help surgeons select an appropriate suture for a given ophthalmic tissue, thereby achieving a better surgical outcome based on its mechanical properties.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0343682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T18:41:42Z","timestamp":1772217702000},"page":"e0343682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experimental investigation of tensile properties and fracture behavior of ophthalmic sutures under straight, knotted, and looped configurations: Vicryl, nylon, and polypropylene"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Rasmiranjan","family":"Dalai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9790-3916","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vinay","family":"S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"N.S.H.C","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vineet","family":"J","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramji","family":"M","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayan","family":"B","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9038-6274","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Viswanath","family":"C","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0343682.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1346-6_11","article-title":"Wound closure and care in oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume-title":"Oral and maxillofacial surgery for the clinician","author":"R Veeraraghavan","year":"2021"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0343682.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1990.01070120108039","article-title":"A comparison of wound healing in sutured and unsutured corneal wounds","volume":"108","author":"GR Melles","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0343682.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.79.8.760","article-title":"Scar tissue orientation in unsutured and sutured corneal wound healing","volume":"79","author":"GR Melles","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4557-4671-2.00030-6","article-title":"Surgery.","volume-title":"Current Therapy in Avian Medicine and Surgery","author":"JA Rubin","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0343682.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1177\/112067219600600318","article-title":"Selection of suture material for scleral lacerations","volume":"6","author":"S Milenkovi\u0107","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343682.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-01997-5","article-title":"8-0 polyglactin 910 suture in entropion repair: long term follow up and rates of recurrence","volume":"37","author":"Y Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0343682.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-872598","article-title":"Learning to perform microvascular anastomosis","volume":"15","author":"JD MacDonald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Skull Base"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343682.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(13)80956-X","article-title":"Suture to limbus distances in eyes with a posterior chamber intraocular lens implanted by scleral fixation","volume":"19","author":"JH Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0343682.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.03.028","article-title":"Cleft lip repair without suture removal","volume":"62","author":"TW Collin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7216-0519-7.00008-3","article-title":"Nerves","author":"K Doi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Flaps and Reconstructive Surgery"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819750-9.00004-8","article-title":"Polymers for surgical sutures","volume-title":"Advanced technologies and polymer materials for surgical sutures","author":"S Afewerki","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/JBBTE.1.1","article-title":"Surgical Sutures: Performance, Development and Use","volume":"1","author":"R Azhahia Manavalan","year":"2008","journal-title":"JBBTE"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343682.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1177\/088391159000500407","article-title":"Review: Polymers for absorbable surgical sutures\u2014part I","volume":"5","author":"BC Benicewicz","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bioact Compat Polym"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz036","article-title":"The surgical suture","volume":"39","author":"M Byrne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1533\/9780857095602.2.232","article-title":"Types and properties of surgical sutures","volume-title":"Biotextiles as Medical Implants","author":"CC Chu","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/01.DSS.0000452738.23278.2d","article-title":"Sutures, needles, and tissue adhesives: a review for dermatologic surgery","volume":"40","author":"C Yag-Howard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0343682.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1992.tb03036.x","article-title":"A review of sutures and suturing techniques","volume":"18","author":"RL Moy","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343682.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.5051\/jpis.2011.41.4.185","article-title":"Tissue reactions to suture materials in the oral mucosa of beagle dogs","volume":"41","author":"J-S Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Periodontal Implant Sci"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref019","first-page":"105","article-title":"Sutures and general surgical implants","volume-title":"Feline Soft Tissue and General Surgery","author":"SJ Langley-Hobbs","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4618-6.00007-5","article-title":"Suture materials and biomaterials","volume-title":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats","author":"AJ Tsugawa","year":"2012"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819750-9.00004-8","article-title":"Polymers for surgical sutures","volume-title":"Advanced technologies and polymer materials for surgical sutures","author":"S Afewerki","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-39040-8.00008-0","article-title":"Polymeric biomaterials","volume-title":"Applied plastics engineering handbook: processing, materials, and applications","author":"W He","year":"2017","edition":"2"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/762095","article-title":"Tissue reactions to various suture materials used in oral surgical interventions","volume":"2012","author":"F Javed","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0343682.ref024","article-title":"Absorbable suture materials for primary repair of episiotomy and second degree tears","volume":"2010","author":"C Kettle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819750-9.00011-5","article-title":"Revisiting the properties of suture materials: an overview","volume-title":"Advanced technologies and polymer materials for surgical sutures","author":"AK Narasimhan","year":"2023"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0343682.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2018.08.027","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis: Do absorbable or non-absorbable suture materials differ in cosmetic outcomes in patients requiring primary closure of facial wounds?","volume":"71","author":"SL Gillanders","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343682.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-03034-4","article-title":"Comparison of four different suture materials in respect to oral wound healing, microbial colonization, tissue reaction and clinical features\u2014randomized clinical study","volume":"24","author":"M Dragovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343682.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.17096\/jiufd.79438","article-title":"Effects of different suture materials on tissue healing","volume":"50","author":"F Selvi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Istanb Univ Fac Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343682.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.53155","article-title":"Sutures and suturing techniques in skin closure","volume":"75","author":"MH Kudur","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0343682.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(77)90161-1","article-title":"Mechanical performance of sutures in surgery","volume":"133","author":"JG Thacker","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343682.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33171","article-title":"Mechanical properties of suture materials in general and cutaneous surgery","volume":"103","author":"SE Naleway","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343682.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197608000-00010","article-title":"Physical properties of surgical suture materials: Stress-strain relationship, stress-relaxation and irreversible elongation","volume":"184","author":"DE Holmlund","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0343682.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb15090273","article-title":"Short-term hydrolytic degradation of mechanical properties of absorbable surgical sutures: a comparative study","volume":"15","author":"J Szabelski","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Funct Biomater"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0343682.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.19.00133","article-title":"Suture and Needle Characteristics in Orthopaedic Surgery","volume":"8","author":"E Pacer","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343682.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.33600","article-title":"Mechanical properties of commercially available nylon sutures in the United States","volume":"105","author":"TL Callahan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0343682.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198103000-00021","article-title":"Mechanical properties of suture materials: an important characterization","volume":"193","author":"CC Chu","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343682.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3390\/surgeries5020029","article-title":"Evaluating and comparing the tensile strength and clinical behavior of monofilament polyamide and multifilament silk sutures: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"M Alves de Oliveira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surgeries"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0343682.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3258","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-5356-1","article-title":"Tensile strength and failure load of sutures for robotic surgery","volume":"31","author":"A Abiri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0343682.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.01.035","article-title":"Looped versus single-stranded flexor tendon repairs: a cadaveric mechanical study","volume":"40","author":"RP Calfee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343682.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1994.1058","article-title":"Mechanical comparison of 10 suture materials before and after in vivo incubation","volume":"56","author":"D Greenwald","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4636(2000)53:6<806::AID-JBM23>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"The effect of knot location, suture material, and suture size on the gliding resistance of flexor tendons","volume":"53","author":"T Momose","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater)"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0343682.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2022.03.014","article-title":"Comparison of Tensile Properties and Knot Security of Surgical Sutures: An In Vitro Mechanical Study","volume":"80","author":"M Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0343682.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199623)33:3<187::AID-JBM8>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Knot performance of polypropylene sutures","volume":"33","author":"BC Faulkner","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343682.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20101124-01","article-title":"Effect of saline conditions on the tensile strength of ophthalmic sutures","volume":"42","author":"SC Brauner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1998.94","article-title":"A prospective controlled study of a 10\/0 absorbable polyglactin suture for corneal incision phacoemulsification","author":"JW Bainbridge","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0343682.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(99)00156-X","article-title":"Material properties of ophthalmic sutures after sterilization and disinfection","volume":"25","author":"GN Shuttleworth","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1994.71","article-title":"Some mechanical properties of 10\/0 monofilament nylon sutures","author":"L Rennie","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0343682.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2017.03.015","article-title":"Securing extraocular muscles in strabismus surgery: laboratory analysis of biomechanical parameters related to the suture","volume":"21","author":"SE Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of AAPOS"},{"issue":"120","key":"pone.0343682.ref049","first-page":"8","article-title":"Basic microsurgical skills: suturing","volume":"36","author":"R Jones","year":"2023","journal-title":"Community Eye Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0343682.ref050","article-title":"Assessment of the Mechanical Properties of Different Suture Materials for Oral Surgery: An In Vitro Tensile Strength Study","volume":"16","author":"R Kaur Randhawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2012.02.001","article-title":"Torsion of monofilament and polyfilament sutures under tension decreases suture strength and increases risk of suture fracture","volume":"12","author":"DB Hennessey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0343682.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-03943-3","article-title":"Comparison between tensile characteristics of various suture materials with two suture techniques: an in vitro study","volume":"25","author":"AE Taysi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0343682.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12071041","article-title":"Individualized Wound Closure-Mechanical Properties of Suture Materials","volume":"12","author":"E Polykandriotis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref054","first-page":"1304","article-title":"Knot security- how is it affected by suture technique, material, size, and number of throws?","volume-title":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","author":"E Silver","year":"2016"},{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0343682.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17143586","article-title":"Evaluation of tensile strength of surgically absorbable suture materials used in oral surgery after immersion in different beverages: an in vitro study","volume":"17","author":"A Akt\u0131","year":"2024","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/japtr.japtr_267_22","article-title":"Evaluation of tensile strength of surgical absorbable and nonabsorbable suture materials after immersion in different fruit juices: An in vitro study","volume":"13","author":"P Anushya","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Adv Pharm Technol Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0343682.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14122439","article-title":"Effect of common mouthwashes on mechanical properties of suture materials used in dental surgeries: A laboratory experiment","volume":"14","author":"SS Abullais","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8531706","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8531706","article-title":"The Effect of Chlorhexidine and Listerine\u00ae Mouthwashes on the Tensile Strength of Selected Absorbable Sutures: An In Vitro Study","volume":"2018","author":"M Alsarhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)70083-3","article-title":"Selection of wound closure materials","volume":"18","author":"RG Bennett","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0343682.ref060","article-title":"Investigation of mechanical strength and structure of corneal graft-host junction","volume":"10","author":"SNSH Chittajallu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0343682.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.01525","article-title":"Beyond the square knot: a novel knotting technique for surgical use","volume":"95","author":"C Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0343682.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1177\/0040517512445340","article-title":"Tensile mechanics of braided sutures","volume":"82","author":"A Rawal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Textile Research Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0343682.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/0040517508094090","article-title":"Tensile and Knot Performance of Polyester Braided Sutures","volume":"79","author":"S Ben Abdessalem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Textile Research Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343682.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/s40870-015-0015-5","article-title":"Feasibility of Knots to Reduce the Maximum Dynamic Arresting Load in Rope Systems","volume":"1","author":"DA Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J dynamic behavior mater"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpvp.2022.104663","article-title":"Review on lifetime predictions of polyethylene pipes: Limitations and trends","volume":"198","author":"S Zha","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref066","article-title":"Mechanical deformation and fracture mechanisms of polymeric fibres from the perspective of fractography \u2013 A review","volume":"137","author":"CJ Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Polymer Journal"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfailanal.2023.107906","article-title":"Cut resistance of climbing ropes \u2013 a comparative analysis of existing measurement methods and a simulated accident","volume":"157","author":"D Sedl\u00e1\u010dek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng Fail Anal"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1533\/9781845691271.2.42","article-title":"Ductile tensile fracture: Nylon, polyester, polypropylene, etc.","volume-title":"Atlas of fibre fracture and damage to textiles","author":"JWS Hearle","year":"1998","edition":"2"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1533\/9781845690151.115","article-title":"Strength and elongation tests","author":"BP Saville","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physical Testing of Textiles. Elsevier"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref070","first-page":"328","article-title":"Comparison of 10-0 Polypropylene and 10-0 Nylon Sutures in Rat Arterial Anastomosis","author":"LE Chen","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0343682.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-007-3114-6","article-title":"Comparison of tensile and knot security properties of surgical sutures","volume":"18","author":"J-C Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref072","first-page":"21","article-title":"Suture surface and suture strength of polypropylene monofilaments","volume":"38","author":"A Semjonow","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biomed Tech (Berl)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343682.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90828-U","article-title":"Mechanical performance of square knots and sliding knots in surgery: comparative study","volume":"162","author":"EJ van Rijssel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"pone.0343682.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12216751","article-title":"Corneal Edema after Cataract Surgery","volume":"12","author":"C Briceno-Lopez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0343682.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_871_17","article-title":"Corneal edema after phacoemulsification","volume":"65","author":"N Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0343682.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35074","article-title":"Comparison of the mechanical properties and anchoring performance of polyvinylidene fluoride and polypropylene barbed sutures for tendon repair","volume":"110","author":"Y Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343682.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31136","article-title":"Analysis of the fracture morphology of polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, and silk sutures before and after implantation in vivo","author":"E Karaca","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0343682.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1166\/jbt.2019.2177","article-title":"A systematic review of the tensile strength of surgical sutures","volume":"9","author":"MA Alsarhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biomater Tissue Eng"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0343682","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T18:41:53Z","timestamp":1772217713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0343682"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alice","family":"Berardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0343682","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]}}}