{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T19:21:56Z","timestamp":1772738516732,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre for Alcohol Studies, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University","award":["65-10068-30"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["65-10068-30"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alcohol use poses unique challenges for migrant workers. Existing literature is limited in understanding how various determinants interact to influence health, family relationships, and social outcomes in this population. This study aims to determine the prevalence of alcohol-related impacts and examine relationships between alcohol use, environmental factors, and their broader effects among Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand. This cross-sectional study surveyed 610 Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand (Sep 2023\u2013Mar 2024) using multi-stage sampling approach. Paper-based questionnaires were utilized, and alcohol use was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), with scores categorized as low-risk (0\u20137), risky (8\u201319), and probable dependence (\u226520). Alcohol-related outcomes were also assessed, and generalized linear mixed models identified associated factors. Of the 610 participants, the majority were male (73.93%), with a mean age of 34.80 years (SD\u2009=\u200910.61) and an age range of 18\u201373 years. The study found that 38.20% reported a moderate level of alcohol-related impact (95% CI: 34.41\u201342.12), while 0.82% reported a high level (95% CI: 0.34\u20131.95). While alcohol addiction significantly increased adverse outcomes (AOR\u2009=\u20091.70, 95% CI: 1.61\u20131.79), environmental and occupational factors demonstrated stronger associations, with rural residency being the strongest correlate (AOR\u2009=\u20096.52, 95% CI: 4.35\u20139.77), followed by housing problems (AOR\u2009=\u20095.00, 95% CI: 2.70\u20139.24). Other significant factors included longer work hours (AOR\u2009=\u20092.39, 95% CI: 1.02\u20135.60), daily work schedules (AOR\u2009=\u20092.39, 95% CI: 1.64\u20133.49), poor sleep quality (AOR\u2009=\u20092.09, 95% CI: 1.51\u20132.90), moderate\/poor health (AOR\u2009=\u20092.11, 95% CI: 2.02\u20132.22), and strained co-worker relationships (AOR\u2009=\u20091.89, 95% CI: 1.88\u20131.90). These findings highlight that environmental and occupational factors are more strongly associated with alcohol-related impacts than alcohol dependence itself, supporting public health strategies that address structural conditions alongside individual-level interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0343825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T18:42:26Z","timestamp":1772736146000},"page":"e0343825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alcohol use and environmental factors: A cross-sectional study exploring health risks and social implications among Myanmar migrant workers"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kanit","family":"Hnuploy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kittipong","family":"Sornlorm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sameh","family":"Eltaybani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3295-5808","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nirachon","family":"Chutipattana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0343825.ref001","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0343825.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270998","article-title":"Alcohol brings burdens: A global and continent wise study on alcohol consumption and global burden of diseases","volume":"17","author":"R Jayathilaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0343825.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2021.1880550","article-title":"The impact of cultural stress and gender norms on alcohol use severity among Latino immigrant men","volume":"27","author":"G Balagopal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ethn Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343825.ref004","article-title":"The nexus between ramifications of alcohol abuse and work productivity (the case of East London 2020 research study participants)","volume":"11","author":"S Bala","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Drug Alcohol Res"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref005","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cEnhancers\u201d and \u201ccopers\u201d? Understanding drinking motives and alcohol use among international workers","author":"LH Pinto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ethn Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0343825.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5108","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17145108","article-title":"Acculturation and Its Effects on Health Risk Behaviors among Myanmar Migrant Workers: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand","volume":"17","author":"TNN Aung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref007","author":"National Statistical Office","year":"2025"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref008","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref009","author":"Foreign Workers Administration Office","year":"2025"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref010","author":"Foreign Workers Administration Office","year":"2024"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref011","author":"Ministry of Public Health of Thailand","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343825.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s41256-023-00335-w","article-title":"Economic costs of alcohol consumption in Thailand, 2021","volume":"8","author":"C Luangsinsiri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob Health Res Policy"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref013","author":"United Nations Network on Migration in T","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343825.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2022.03.002","article-title":"Developing the Vulnerability Factor Structure Affecting Injuries and Health Problems Among Migrant Seafood Processing Industry Workers","volume":"13","author":"I Jiaranai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saf Health Work"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0343825.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2435.2009.00559.x","article-title":"When Battlefields become Marketplaces: Migrant Workers and the Role of Civil Society and NGO Activism in Thailand","volume":"53","author":"P Pangsapa","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Migration"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343825.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/imig.12177","article-title":"Trafficking, Exploitation and Migration on the Thailand\u2010Burma Border: A Qualitative Study","volume":"53","author":"SR Meyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Migration"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343825.ref017","first-page":"157","article-title":"Labour and livelihood of Myanmar migrants in ranong under the current legal environments in Thailand","volume":"50","author":"F Koichi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jpn J Southeast Asian Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343825.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/13547860903488211","article-title":"Burmese labour migration into Thailand: governance of migration and labour rights","volume":"15","author":"M Mon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S207022","article-title":"Health risk behaviors, musculoskeletal disorders and associated cultural adaptation, depression: a survey among Myanmar migrant workers in Chiangmai, Northern Thailand","volume":"12","author":"TNN Aung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0343825.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8659","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168659","article-title":"Case Study of Tobacco Use among Myanmar Migrant Factory Workers in the Seafood Industry in Thailand","volume":"18","author":"N Charoenca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0343825.ref021","first-page":"790","article-title":"Cigarette, alcohol use and physical activity among Myanmar youth workers, Samut Sakhon Province, Thailand","volume":"36","author":"N Howteerakul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343825.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11589-6","article-title":"Access to healthcare services and factors associated with unmet needs among migrants in Phuket Province, Thailand, 2023: a cross-sectional mixed-method study","volume":"24","author":"S Wongsuwanphon","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343825.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.14710\/nmjn.v14i1.57287","article-title":"Problems of Myanmar Women of Reproductive Age in Accessing Health Services as Migrant Workers in Thailand: A Qualitative Study","volume":"14","author":"P Sitkulanan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurs Med J Nursing"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0343825.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5781","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20105781","article-title":"Perceived Barriers of Accessing Healthcare among Migrant Workers in Thailand during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Qualitative Study","volume":"20","author":"S Uansri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343825.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00159-6","article-title":"Hazardous alcohol use and alcohol-related harm in rural and remote communities: a scoping review","volume":"7","author":"EL Friesen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343825.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09060-2","article-title":"Peer pressure and alcohol consumption in adults living in the UK: a systematic qualitative review","volume":"20","author":"H Morris","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343825.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-022-00882-2","article-title":"The Relationship of Socioeconomic Status to Alcohol, Smoking, and Health: a Population-Level Study of the Multiethnic Population in Singapore","volume":"22","author":"PV AshaRani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addiction"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref028","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref029","author":"N Noosorn","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343825.ref030","first-page":"172","article-title":"Factors influencing alcohol use among Myanmar young migrant workers in Thailand","volume":"24","author":"SJ Racal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pac Rim Int J Nurs Res Thail"},{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0343825.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980730)17:14<1623::AID-SIM871>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"A simple method of sample size calculation for linear and logistic regression","volume":"17","author":"FY Hsieh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Statist Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343825.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2006.06.005","article-title":"Relations between alcohol, violence and victimization in adolescence","volume":"29","author":"JP Shepherd","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref033","author":"World Observatory on Subnational Government Finance and Invesment","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref034","author":"National Statistical Office","year":"2024"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115325","article-title":"Association between weekly working hours and risky alcohol use: A 12-year longitudinal, nationwide study from South Korea","volume":"326","author":"S-U Baek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref036","author":"TF Babor","year":"2001"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0343825.ref037","first-page":"536","article-title":"Translating and adapting the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) for use in the Russian Federation: A multicentre pilot study to inform validation procedures","volume":"40","author":"M Neufeld","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nordisk Alkohol Nark"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref038","volume-title":"Statistical concepts for the behavioral sciences","author":"H Kiess","year":"2020","edition":"4"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343825.ref039","first-page":"321","article-title":"Guidelines for evaluating criterion-referenced tests and test manuals","volume":"15","author":"RK Hambleton","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Educ Meas"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387","volume-title":"Applied logistic regression","author":"DW Hosmer","year":"2013","edition":"2"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0343825.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000401","article-title":"Correlates and predictors of alcohol consumption and negative consequences of alcohol use among Latino migrant farmworkers in Nebraska","volume":"89","author":"AK Ramos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0343825.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.17730\/humo.68.3.673vg846646w1617","article-title":"The Effects of Problem Drinking and Sexual Risk Among Mexican Migrant Workers on Their Community of Origin","volume":"68","author":"MR Duke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Organ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343825.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-10021-y","article-title":"Does husband\u2019s alcohol consumption increase the risk of domestic violence during the pregnancy and postpartum periods in Nepalese women?","volume":"21","author":"N Bhatta","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343825.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1108\/IJMHSC-11-2018-0075","article-title":"Alcohol use disorders among Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand","volume":"15","author":"D Gaitan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Migr Health Soc Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343825.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10208-x","article-title":"Associations between occupation and heavy alcohol consumption in UK adults aged 40-69\u2009years: a cross-sectional study using the UK Biobank","volume":"21","author":"A Thompson","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343825.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-019-00928-z","article-title":"Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Harmful Use of Alcohol Among Economically and Socially Disadvantaged Immigrant Patients in Italy","volume":"22","author":"A Di Napoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343825.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-022-00454-3","article-title":"Treatment of Alcohol Use Problems Among Rural Populations: a Review of Barriers and Considerations for Increasing Access to Quality Care","volume":"9","author":"CN Davis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Addict Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343825.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.13-0119-OA","article-title":"Screening for hazardous drinking in migrant workers in southeastern Spain","volume":"56","author":"MD Perez-Carceles","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2025.101475","article-title":"Housing insecurity, financial hardship and mental health","volume":"57","author":"T Ludlow","year":"2025","journal-title":"Econ Hum Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343825.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/19491247.2021.1940686","article-title":"\u2018Trapped\u2019, \u2018anxious\u2019 and \u2018traumatised\u2019: COVID-19 intensified the impact of housing inequality on Australians\u2019 mental health","volume":"23","author":"M Bower","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Housing Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0343825.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.2023-0190","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the influence of work characteristics, work-family status, and social activities on problem drinking: the Japanese civil servants study","volume":"62","author":"T Shigeno","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0343825.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/15332560902837483","article-title":"The Influence of Work Environment Stressors and Individual Social Vulnerabilities on Employee Problem Drinking","volume":"9","author":"LK Berger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343825.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490601080084","article-title":"Friends, family, and alcohol abuse: an examination of general and alcohol-specific social support","volume":"16","author":"DR Groh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0343825.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-064352","article-title":"Are workplace factors associated with employee alcohol use? The WIRUS cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"MM Th\u00f8rrisen","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0343825.ref055","first-page":"698","article-title":"Association between long working hours and sleep disorders among manufacturing workers: the roles of alcohol consumption and mental health","volume":"46","author":"R Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Xi\u2019an Jiaotong Univ (Med Sci)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0343825.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018138","article-title":"Daily work-family conflict and alcohol use: testing the cross-level moderation effects of peer drinking norms and social support","volume":"95","author":"M Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343825.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19481-y","article-title":"Teleworking: does it make workers healthier and productive? A cross-sectional study on a Southern European population","volume":"24","author":"Twork4Health Group","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0343825.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5275","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62227-0","article-title":"The association between alcohol consumption and sleep disorders among older people in the general population","volume":"10","author":"A Britton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2023.110912","article-title":"The relationship between alcohol- and sleep-related traits: Results from polygenic risk score and Mendelian randomization analyses","volume":"251","author":"S Chakravorty","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"pone.0343825.ref060","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Comorbidities in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD): a Pilot Study in Treatment-Seeking Population","author":"PV AshaRani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0343825.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025253","DOI":"10.31893\/multirev.2025253","article-title":"Examining the impact of professional stress on organizational commitment in the Moroccan hospital sector: A PLS\u2012SEM approach","volume":"8","author":"K Moubtahij","year":"2025","journal-title":"Multidiscip Rev"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0343825","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T18:42:33Z","timestamp":1772736153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0343825"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Phuping","family":"Sucharitakul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0343825","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]}}}