{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T18:28:40Z","timestamp":1786386520104,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the low-altitude economy has been designated a strategic emerging industry, consumer-grade drone aerial photography in cultural tourism remains constrained by three coupled bottlenecks: dependence on licensed pilots, fragmented and manually orchestrated service workflows, and post-production cycles measured in hours to days. These bottlenecks jointly prevent drone aerial photography from being delivered as a standardized, on-demand consumer service. This study aims to design, implement, and empirically evaluate a software architecture that transforms professional drone aerial photography into an automated, scan-to-use consumer service, and to test whether a microservice-based design can simultaneously meet the latency, reliability, and cost requirements of mass-market smart tourism deployment. We propose KanYiKan, a distributed microservice system in which (i) an MQTT-based bidirectional channel connects the cloud scheduler with heterogeneous ground control stations, (ii) order lifecycles are governed by a deterministic finite-state machine with optimistic-locking transitions, (iii) drone assignment is formulated as a weighted multi-objective scoring problem balancing battery margin, spatial proximity, and historical reliability, and (iv) an automated video pipeline performs no-reference rule-based quality filtering, template-based semantic matching using a pre-trained vision encoder, and rendering. The system is evaluated through functional verification, JMeter-based concurrent stress testing (100\u20131000 users), fault-injection robustness testing, and a comparative analysis against the traditional pilot-mediated workflow. Under simulated high-concurrency loads, P99 latency of core APIs stayed at or below 312\u2009ms and error rates below 0.05%; per-service cost dropped by over 90% (from 500\u20133000 CNY to 50\u2013100 CNY), end-to-end delivery shrank from 24\u201372\u2009hours to 15\u201330\u2009minutes, and the pilot-per-order requirement was eliminated. All five injected fault scenarios were handled without service-wide outage. The results provide empirical evidence that a cloud-native microservice architecture, combined with FSM-driven workflow control and lightweight multi-objective scheduling, is a viable software paradigm for democratizing UAV services and offers a replicable reference design for scalable low-altitude applications in smart cultural tourism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0343832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T17:43:07Z","timestamp":1786383787000},"page":"e0343832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microservice architecture based self-service drone aerial photography system for smart cultural tourism: Design and implementation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9980-0501","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zehua","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8123-8296","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoyou","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0343832.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67425-4_12","article-title":"Microservices: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow","volume-title":"Present and Ulterior Software Engineering","author":"N Dragoni","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0343832.ref002","volume-title":"Building Microservices: Designing Fine-Grained Systems","author":"S Newman","year":"2021","edition":"2"},{"key":"pone.0343832.ref003","unstructured":"Martin Fowler and James Lewis. 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