{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T06:21:05Z","timestamp":1773123665722,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK082412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK082412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Inborn mutations in the\n                    <jats:italic>PRSS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene encoding human cationic trypsinogen cause hereditary pancreatitis. In mouse models,\n                    <jats:italic>PRSS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations are often studied in the context of the\n                    <jats:italic>Prss3b<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene that codes for mouse cationic trypsinogen. To characterize the cellular and biochemical effects of trypsinogen mutations, heterologous expression in transfected cell lines is often employed. Recent studies with the human and mouse trypsin inhibitor SPINK1 indicated that minigene expression constructs carrying a short intron yield markedly higher recombinant protein levels than cDNA constructs. Here, we investigated whether the minigene approach would increase the expression of human and mouse cationic trypsinogen in transfected HEK 293T cells. We found that compared with the cDNA, minigene constructs increased\n                    <jats:italic>PRSS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Prss3b<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA levels by 2.5-fold and 4.5-fold on average, respectively. Surprisingly, however, the amount of secreted human cationic trypsinogen remained unchanged while secretion of mouse cationic trypsinogen was increased 2.9-fold. The observations indicate that minigene expression constructs are effective in boosting mRNA levels in transfected cells, however, this may not always translate to elevated protein secretion. In these cases, inefficient protein translation and\/or folding may be rate limiting.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0343840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T17:27:56Z","timestamp":1773077276000},"page":"e0343840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Minigenes for heterologous expression of human and mouse cationic trypsinogen"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Gerg\u0151","family":"Berke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4513-9922","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mikl\u00f3s","family":"Sahin-T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0343840.ref001","first-page":"314","article-title":"Activation of pancreatic zymogens. 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