{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T07:23:54Z","timestamp":1781076234229,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI176326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI176326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AG083329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AG083329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K07AG078287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K07AG078287"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    subspecies\n                    <jats:italic>enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    , particularly serovar Newport, remains a leading cause of foodborne illnesses in the United States, implicated in numerous outbreaks associated with a diverse array of food products. This study systematically investigates the virulence of five distinct\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Newport isolates, characterized by varying patterns of pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) molecular-diagnostic subtyping, using the nematode\n                    <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a host model organism. We conducted viability assays on\n                    <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    to evaluate how these isolates affect nematode survival. The selected bacterial strains, chosen for their historical significance in foodborne outbreaks yet isolated form environmental sources, were previously sequenced to provide a comprehensive genomic framework. A notable focus of our research was on the nearly genetically identical PFGE types Newport-61 and the Newport-1015 isolates, which differ by a 1.7\u2009Mb genomic inversion.\n                    <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    survival assays in response to pathogenic-strain infections revealed that one Newport-1015 and the Newport-61 isolates were particularly more virulent compared to other isolates tested. These findings enhance our understanding of the pathogenic potential of environmental\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Newport and highlight the need to understand the regulatory mechanisms that contribute to virulence capacity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0343882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T18:25:01Z","timestamp":1772475901000},"page":"e0343882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evolving threats: Leveraging C. elegans to decode the virulence profiles of highly related environmental Salmonella Newport isolates"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6018-5885","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christina M.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4833-9327","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mirae","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bella","family":"Wayhs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Haendiges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1784-0407","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert","family":"Literman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianghong","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjuman","family":"Ghazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7469-1946","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0343882.ref001","author":"D Dewey-Mattia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks\u2013United States, 2016: annual report"},{"key":"pone.0343882.ref002","volume-title":"National enteric disease surveillance: Salmonella surveillance overview","author":"R Bishop","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0343882.ref003","unstructured":"CDC CfDCaP. 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National enteric disease surveillance: Salmonella annual report, 2016; 2016."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0343882.ref007","first-page":"144","article-title":"Outbreak of Salmonella Newport infections linked to cucumbers--United States, 2014","volume":"64","author":"KM Angelo","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0343882.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.4315\/JFP-21-082","article-title":"A series of papaya-associated Salmonella illness outbreak investigations in 2017 and 2019: a focus on traceback, laboratory, and collaborative efforts","volume":"84","author":"BM Whitney","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"pone.0343882.ref009","unstructured":"FDA UFaDA. 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