{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T13:18:02Z","timestamp":1780406282773,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an emerging mental health issue in both clinical practice and public health worldwide, refers to intentional self-harm without suicidal intent. Exploring protective and moderating factors of NSSI is important for its prevention and intervention. However, most existing studies have focused primarily on risk factors. This study aimed to identify predictors of NSSI and examine the moderating effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between psychological discomfort and NSSI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study involved a secondary analysis of data from 188 self-reported questionnaires collected via a web-based survey in South Korea between August and September 2020 during COVID-19 pandemic. NSSI was measured using the modified NSSI subscale of the Korean version of the Self-Harm Inventory. Psychological discomfort was assessed using a 20-item symptom checklist, and cognitive emotional regulation strategies were measured using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using zero-inflated negative binomial regression. The Hayes PROCESS macro (Model 1) was used to examine moderating effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 188 participants, 159 were female. A total of 30.3% reported experiencing NSSI within the past six months. NSSI was associated with being female and lower use of positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Psychological discomfort was positively associated with NSSI. Positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies had a conditional moderating effect on the relationship between psychological discomfort and NSSI. However, negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies did not show a significant moderating effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychological discomfort is a salient risk factor for NSSI. Positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies may be an important protective factor. Therefore, prevention and intervention efforts should emphasize strengthening positive\u2014rather than negative\u2014cognitive emotion regulation strategies. To reduce NSSI among undergraduates with a history of NSSI, policies or psychoeducation should focus on increasing positive cognitive coping. Moreover, tailored interventions are needed to reduce psychological discomfort among students with no history of NSSI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0344175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T17:35:47Z","timestamp":1774028147000},"page":"e0344175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Predictors of non-suicidal self-injury and moderating effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in Korean undergraduate students: Secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3824-5209","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yeo Won","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0344175.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/11875-001","article-title":"Nonsuicidal self-injury: definition and classification.","author":"MK Nock","year":"2009"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.04.002","article-title":"Predicting the incidence of non-suicidal self-injury in college students","volume":"59","author":"G Kiekens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2018.02.012","article-title":"Nonsuicidal self-injury in community adolescents: a systematic review of prospective predictors, mediators and moderators","volume":"65","author":"F Valencia-Agudo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0344175.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12037","article-title":"Finding your niche: identity and emotional support in emerging adults\u2019 adjustment to the transition to college","volume":"23","author":"M Azmitia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Res Adolesc"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0344175.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-019-01025-y","article-title":"Stressful Experiences, Emotion Dysregulation, and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury among University Students","volume":"48","author":"L Ewing","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00318","article-title":"The role of difficulty in identifying and describing feelings in non-suicidal self-injury behavior (NSSI): associations with perceived attachment quality, stressful life events, and suicidal ideation","volume":"9","author":"R Cerutti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref007","first-page":"1","article-title":"Non-suicidal self-injury and life stress: a systematic meta-analysis and theoretical elaboration","volume":"47","author":"RT Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.181","article-title":"The effects of alexithymia, experiential avoidance, and childhood sexual abuse on non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation among Chinese college students with a history of childhood sexual abuse","volume":"282","author":"H Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0344175.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.12117","article-title":"Factors associated with current versus lifetime self-injury among high school and college students","volume":"45","author":"LA Taliaferro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0344175.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1080\/13811118.2022.2084004","article-title":"Why is non-suicidal self-injury more common in women? Mediation and moderation analyses of psychological distress, emotion dysregulation, and impulsivity","volume":"27","author":"NM Lutz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Suicide Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0344175.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198906000-00001","article-title":"The impact of a military air disaster on the health of assistance workers. A prospective study","volume":"177","author":"PT Bartone","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0344175.ref012","first-page":"177","article-title":"The relative importance of approach factors and avoidance factors in predicting professional help seeking behavior","volume":"17","author":"YH Shin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Korean J Counsel Psychother"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0344175.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/jocc.12147","article-title":"Cumulative trauma exposure and mindfulness in college students","volume":"23","author":"S Im","year":"2020","journal-title":"J of College Counseling"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0344175.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000592","article-title":"Traumatic stress in the age of COVID-19: a call to close critical gaps and adapt to new realities","volume":"12","author":"D Horesh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00803","article-title":"Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of mental health outcomes among chinese college students during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic","volume":"11","author":"X Chi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.05.109","article-title":"Prevalence of anxiety symptom and depressive symptom among college students during COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis","volume":"292","author":"J-J Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0344175.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17270","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-01931-0","article-title":"Prevalence and psychosocial risk factors of nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"42","author":"W-C Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101353","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1101353","article-title":"Age differences in psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: March 2020\u2013June 2021","volume":"14","author":"R Best","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref019","first-page":"28","article-title":"High stress levels during the pandemic are making even everyday choices difficult to navigate","volume":"53","author":"Z Abrams","year":"2022","journal-title":"Monitor Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0344175.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03109-1","article-title":"Psychological distress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and suppression measures during the first wave in Belgium","volume":"21","author":"V Lorant","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psych"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00244","article-title":"Stressful life events, depression, and non-suicidal self-injury among chinese left-behind children: moderating effects of self-esteem","volume":"10","author":"T Lan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0344175.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/jocc.12012","article-title":"Spirituality\/religiosity, life satisfaction, and life meaning as protective factors for nonsuicidal self\u2010injury in college students","volume":"18","author":"VE Kress","year":"2015","journal-title":"J College Counsel"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0344175.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-009-0147-8","article-title":"Emotion regulation, coping and alcohol use as moderators in the relationship between non-suicidal self-injury and psychological distress","volume":"11","author":"F Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0344175.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037024","article-title":"Change in emotion regulation strategy use and its impact on adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: a three-year longitudinal analysis using latent growth modeling","volume":"123","author":"D Voon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0344175.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(00)00113-6","article-title":"Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems","volume":"30","author":"N Garnefski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Personal Indiv Diff"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0344175.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000566","article-title":"Exploring particular facets of cognitive emotion regulation and their relationships with nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents","volume":"40","author":"N Madjar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crisis"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2017.10.007","article-title":"Age of onset of non-suicidal self-injury in Dutch-speaking adolescents and emerging adults: an event history analysis of pooled data","volume":"80","author":"A Gandhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref028","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effect of psychological discomfort and cognitive emotion regulation strategies on non-suicidal self-injury of university students.","volume-title":"The 2020 winter conference of the Korean academy of psychiatric and mental health nursing","author":"WY Kang","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0344175.ref029","first-page":"177","article-title":"A comparison of questionnaire on suicidal ideation, suicidal plans and suicidal attempts in online and offline surveys","volume":"19","author":"YS Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Soc Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0344175.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.4040\/jkan.2012.42.6.819","article-title":"Risk factors influencing probability and severity of elder abuse in community-dwelling older adults: applying zero-inflated negative binomial modeling of abuse count data","volume":"42","author":"MH Jang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Korean Acad Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0344175.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.33703\/cbtk.2019.19.2.205","article-title":"Validation of the Korean version of the Self-Harm Inventory (K-SHI)","volume":"19","author":"S Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cog Behav Ther Korea"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0344175.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199811)54:7<973::AID-JCLP11>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"The Self-Harm Inventory (SHI): development of a scale for identifying self-destructive behaviors and borderline personality disorder","volume":"54","author":"RA Sansone","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0344175.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/00131746-200605000-00003","article-title":"The relationship between suicide attempts and low-lethal self-harm behavior among psychiatric inpatients","volume":"12","author":"RA Sansone","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Pract"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.12.050","article-title":"Direct and indirect forms of non-suicidal self-injury: evidence for a distinction","volume":"197","author":"SA St Germain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psych Res"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912441","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.912441","article-title":"Global prevalence and characteristics of non-suicidal self-injury between 2010 and 2021 among a non-clinical sample of adolescents: a meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Q Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0344175.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22185","article-title":"Forgiveness in the treatment of borderline personality disorder: a quasi-experimental study","volume":"71","author":"SJ Sandage","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0344175.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.12705","article-title":"Exploring the mediating role of integrative self-knowledge in the relationship between mindfulness and well-being in the context of a mindfulness-based stress reduction program","volume":"56","author":"M Abbasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0344175.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.15703\/kjc.14.3.201306.1773","article-title":"Validation of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire in a Korean population","volume":"14","author":"HN Ahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J Counsel"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838693","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.838693","article-title":"Childhood maltreatment, stressful life events, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents and young adults with first-episode depressive disorder: direct and indirect pathways","volume":"13","author":"H Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0344175.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.23844\/kjcp.2016.08.28.3.855","article-title":"Daily stress of adolescents and self-harm behavior: the moderation effect of cognitive emotion regulation strategies","volume":"28","author":"N-K Seong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Counsel Psychother"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0344175.ref041","first-page":"141","article-title":"The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire; psychometric features and prospective relationships with depression and anxiety in adults","volume":"23","author":"N Garnefski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Euro J Psychol Assess"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.09.002","article-title":"Meta-analysis of risk factors for nonsuicidal self-injury","volume":"42","author":"KR Fox","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref043","first-page":"101350","article-title":"Risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents: a meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Y-J Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"E Clin Med"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01946","article-title":"Nonsuicidal self-injury: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"A Cipriano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0344175.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164403251332","article-title":"Testing configural, metric, scalar, and latent mean invariance across genders in sociotropy and autonomy using a non-western sample","volume":"63","author":"S Hong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Edu Psychol Measure"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0344175.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.17547\/kjsr.2019.27.3.232","article-title":"Risk factors influencing frequency of suicidal ideation in korean middle school students: applying zero-inflated negative binomial regression model","volume":"27","author":"K Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref047","volume-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach","author":"AF Hayes","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.11.001","article-title":"Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation analysis in clinical research: observations, recommendations, and implementation","volume":"98","author":"AF Hayes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0344175.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-016-0449-7","article-title":"A preliminary application of social cognitive theory to nonsuicidal self-injury","volume":"45","author":"P Hasking","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.03.021","article-title":"Age and gender effects on non-suicidal self-injury, and their interplay with psychological distress","volume":"306","author":"PO Wilkinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913872","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.913872","article-title":"The relationship between negative peer relationship and non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese adolescents: a moderated-mediation model","volume":"13","author":"J-B Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0344175.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-017-0871-9","article-title":"Daily peer hassles and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence: gender differences in avoidance-focused emotion regulation processes","volume":"27","author":"A Xavier","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2022.103615","article-title":"Stress, and coping strategy of university students during COVID-19 in Korea: the mediating role of ego-resiliency","volume":"227","author":"YH Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Psychol (Amst)"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0344175.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/22817","article-title":"Investigating mental health of US college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional survey study","volume":"22","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0344175.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2017.01.006","article-title":"Suicidal behaviors in the dermatology patient","volume":"35","author":"MA Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S198806","article-title":"Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Diagnostic Challenges And Current Perspectives","volume":"16","author":"JM Hooley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0344175.ref057","first-page":"1","article-title":"International prevalence of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury and deliberate self-harm","volume":"6","author":"JJ Muehlenkamp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Adoles Psych Mental Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0344175.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2019.1586713","article-title":"Knowledge of suicide risk factors, but not suicide ideation severity, is greater among college students who viewed 13 reasons why","volume":"68","author":"M Chesin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0344175.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1300\/J018v22n02_06","article-title":"Levels of knowledge about suicide facts and myths among younger and older adults","volume":"22","author":"DL Segal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Gerontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0344175.ref060","first-page":"269","article-title":"A phenomenological study on counselors\u2019 experience of difficulties and coping strategies in non-suicidal self-injury crisis counseling for adolescents","volume":"28","author":"i Kwon K","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korea J Youth Counsel"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0344175.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2020.1772449","article-title":"\u201cI Wish I Could Have Helped Him in Some Way or Put the Family on Notice\u201d: an exploration of teachers\u2019 perceived strengths and deficits in overall knowledge of suicide","volume":"26","author":"JM de Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Loss Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0344175.ref062","article-title":"School counsellors\u2019 understanding of non-suicidal self-injury: Experiences and international variability","volume":"45","author":"JM Duggan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Canad J Counsel Psychother"},{"key":"pone.0344175.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.05.037","article-title":"Help-seeking duration in adolescents with suicidal behavior and non-suicidal self-injury","volume":"140","author":"S Lustig","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0344175.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.12145","article-title":"Cognitive and emotion-regulatory mediators of the relationship between behavioral approach system sensitivity and nonsuicidal self-injury frequency","volume":"45","author":"TA Burke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0344175.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.752","article-title":"Validity of a single-item measure of stress symptoms","volume":"29","author":"A-L Elo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0344175.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqx111","article-title":"Work-related stress assessed by a text message single-item stress question","volume":"67","author":"B Arapovic-Johansson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Occup Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0344175.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.29252\/nirp.jpcp.5.4.243","article-title":"Clarifying the roles of hardiness and hopelessness in relation to suicidal ideation among Malaysian undergraduate students","volume":"5","author":"A Abdollahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pract Clin Psychol"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0344175","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T17:35:55Z","timestamp":1774028155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0344175"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Anthony A.","family":"Olashore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0344175","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]}}}