{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T03:09:59Z","timestamp":1789614599956,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Environmental Radioactivity Research Network Center","award":["P25-34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P25-34"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The March 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident resulted in extensive radiocesium contamination of forest ecosystems. Wild boars (\n                    <jats:italic>Sus scrofa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) are a key indicator species because of their high radiocesium accumulation; however, long-term spatiotemporal patterns and biological drivers of contamination have not been fully evaluated using a prefecture-wide dataset. We analyzed monitoring data from 3,609 wild boars collected across Fukushima Prefecture over 14 years (FY2011\u2013FY2025). By integrating individual-level measurements with spatial soil deposition data, we fitted three mixed-effects models to ln-transformed muscle\n                    <jats:sup>137<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cs concentrations to quantify regional ecological half-lives, assess dietary influence using stomach-content\n                    <jats:sup>137<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cs where available, and evaluate associations with biological attributes such as sex and growth stage. Ecological half-lives of muscle\n                    <jats:sup>137<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cs ranged from 3.0 to 9.2 years across regions, shorter than the physical half-life of 30.1 years, with the most rapid decline observed in Hamadori. Although long-term decreases were evident, a transient increase occurred in Nakadori in FY2022, indicating the influence of localized ecological variability. In individuals with paired stomach-content measurements, muscle\n                    <jats:sup>137<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cs increased with stomach-content\n                    <jats:sup>137<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cs, supporting a dietary pathway for short-term variation; however, paired stomach-content data were limited in some regions. Growth stage was significantly associated with muscle\n                    <jats:sup>137<\/jats:sup>\n                    Cs, with evidence consistent with higher adult burdens relative to younger animals. These results show that radiocesium dynamics in wild boars reflect regional recovery processes, dietary pathways, and biological attributes. Our findings emphasize the value of long-term, multi-variable monitoring frameworks for assessing radiological risk and ecosystem recovery in wildlife inhabiting post-accident landscapes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0344189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T17:22:15Z","timestamp":1774459335000},"page":"e0344189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors affecting log-transformed muscle 137Cs concentrations in wild boars in Fukushima Prefecture over 14 years"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3455-0267","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hisashi","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiori","family":"Ikushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0344189.ref001","volume-title":"Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation: UNSCEAR 2013 Report, Volume I - Report to the General Assembly, Scientific Annex A: Levels and effects of radiation exposure due to the nuclear accident after the 2011 great east-Japan earthquake and tsunami","author":"UNSCEAR United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0344189.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-16-1039-2023","article-title":"Bayesian transdimensional inverse reconstruction of the Fukushima Daiichi caesium 137 release","volume":"16","author":"J Dumont Le Brazidec","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geosci Model Dev"},{"key":"pone.0344189.ref003","volume-title":"Cooperation between Fukushima Prefecture and the IAEA: Final summary report (2013\u20132022)","author":"IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0344189.ref004","first-page":"85","article-title":"Overview of environmental impact assessment studies on radioactive contamination after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident","volume":"24","author":"K Iijima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Environ Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0344189.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1021\/es5057648","article-title":"Analysis of Japanese radionuclide monitoring data of food before and after the Fukushima nuclear accident","volume":"49","author":"S Merz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"43","key":"pone.0344189.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2301811120","article-title":"Lessons learnt on the impact of an unprecedented soil decontamination program in Fukushima on contaminant fluxes","volume":"120","author":"R Vandromme","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pone.0344189.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2016.07.002","article-title":"Radiocaesium contamination of wild boars in Fukushima and surrounding regions after the Fukushima nuclear accident","volume":"164","author":"S Fuma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Environ Radioact"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0344189.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66362-6","article-title":"Radiocesium concentrations in wild boars captured within 20\u2009km of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant","volume":"10","author":"L Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0344189.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5667","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08444-1","article-title":"Monitoring of radioactive cesium in wild boars captured inside the difficult-to-return zone in Fukushima Prefecture over a 5-year period","volume":"12","author":"R Saito","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0344189.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200797","article-title":"Seasonal variation of Cesium-137 concentration in Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan","volume":"13","author":"Y Nemoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0344189.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170328","article-title":"Study on the relationship between the dispersal of wild boar (Sus scrofa) and the associated variability of Cesium-137 concentrations in its muscle post-Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident","volume":"917","author":"R Saito","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"pone.0344189.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119359","article-title":"Radiocesium accumulation and germline mutations in chronically exposed wild boar from Fukushima, with radiation doses to human consumers of contaminated meat","volume":"306","author":"D Anderson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0344189.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10049","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89449-0","article-title":"Quantitative modeling of radioactive cesium 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