{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:03:00Z","timestamp":1790787780873,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019274","name":"Ramathibodi Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti-interferon-\u03b3 autoantibodies (Anti-IFN-\u03b3 AAbs) contribute to immunodeficiency and increase susceptibility to intracellular infections, particularly in adults. Measurement of anti-IFN-\u03b3 AAb titers using inhibitory ELISA is a valuable diagnostic tool for adult-onset immunodeficiency. However, the relationship between inhibitory ELISA titers, inflammatory biomarkers, and clinical disease activity remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study analyzed 69 blood samples from 39 patients with detectable anti-IFN-\u03b3 AAbs at Ramathibodi Hospital. Data collected included demographics, clinical disease activity, and laboratory biomarkers such as white blood cell (WBC) count, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and inhibitory ELISA titers. Disease activity was categorized as active or in remission based on clinical evaluation and the status of infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean patient age was 58.38\u2009\u00b1\u20098.55 years, and 61.5% were female. Anti-IFN-\u03b3 AAb titers had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.893. A cut-off of 1:50,000 (50% inhibition) yielded 92.90% specificity in determining active disease status. Median titers were significantly higher in active disease (1:100,000, interquartile range [IQR]: 1:10,000\u20131:100,000) compared with remission (1:5,000, IQR: 1:5,000\u20131:10,000,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Combining anti-IFN-\u03b3 AAb titers (\u2265 1:50,000) with ESR (\u2265 45 mm\/hr), CRP (\u2265 18 mg\/dL), WBC (\u2265 10,455 cells\/\u00b5L), and IL-6 (\u2265 16 pg\/mL) further improved the prediction of disease activity (AUC\u2009=\u20090.903, sensitivity\u2009=\u200988.9%, specificity\u2009=\u200991.7%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High anti-IFN-\u03b3 AAb titers correlate with active disease, and inhibitory ELISA may aid in disease monitoring. Combining IFN-\u03b3 AAbs titers with inflammatory biomarkers may improve predictive accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0344248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T17:41:17Z","timestamp":1773855677000},"page":"e0344248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Correlation between clinical disease activity and interferon-\u03b3 autoantibody titers measured by inhibitory ELISA, and inflammatory biomarkers in adult-onset immunodeficiency associated with anti-interferon-\u03b3 autoantibodies"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Putthapon","family":"Teepapan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apinya","family":"Chungcharoenpanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanokkarn","family":"Pinyopornpanish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supa","family":"Oncham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prawat","family":"Chantharit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Porpon","family":"Rotjanapan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6037-8812","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wannada","family":"Laisuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0344248.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2021.05.007","article-title":"Anti-interferon-\u03b3 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