{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T18:00:37Z","timestamp":1776880837307,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Science and Technology Achievements Industrialization Cultivation Fund project of Northeast Petroleum University","award":["15011210802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15011210802"]}]},{"name":"A new round of Heilongjiang Province\u2019s \u00e2\u20ac\u0153double first-class\u00e2\u20ac discipline collaborative innovation results project","award":["LJGXCG2023-029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJGXCG2023-029"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A mixed cardanol sulfonate surfactant (MYBS) of disubstituted styrene unsaturated cardanol sulfonate (2,4-YBS) and monosubstituted styrene unsaturated cardanol sulfonate (2-YBS) was synthesized by optimizing the optimal synthesis conditions of the three-step reaction of alkylation, sulfonation and neutralization. The molar percentages of the two are about 70%: 30%. Its structure was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. At 25 \u00b0C, the surface tension of MYBS at critical micelle concentration (\u03b3CMC) and critical micelle concentration (CMC) was 33.32 mN\/m and 0.676 mmol\/L, respectively, which was better than that of traditional anionic surfactant (SDBS) and cardanol sulfonate surfactant (CDS). The thermodynamic parameters obtained from the conductivity measurements confirmed that the micellization process was a spontaneous and entropy-driven process. Dynamic light scattering test and transmission electron microscopy showed that MYBS molecules could form small spherical micelles of 10 nm-30\u2009nm, which was consistent with the calculation results of critical packing theory. At the same time, the oil washing experiment confirmed that the oil washing efficiency can reach 73%, which provides technical support for the application of this kind of surfactant in improving oil recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0344255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T17:28:12Z","timestamp":1776878892000},"page":"e0344255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synthesis, surface activities, aggregation properties and oil washing performances of novel cardanol-based 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