{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T18:01:26Z","timestamp":1773424886375,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000034","name":"Institute of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFD-187710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFD-187710"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000034","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pregnant and birthing people with untreated substance use disorders (SUDs) face multiple risks of mortality and morbidity. Acute care settings (i.e., hospital inpatient, labor\/delivery and emergency departments) are one opportunity to provide substance use services, but have had limited implementation. This scoping review synthesized studies that used an implementation science or quality improvement (QI) strategy to implement substance use services into acute care settings for pregnant or birthing people. Our aim was to 1) characterize the implemented strategies; 2) assess the inclusion of racial equity in study design and implementation; 3) summarize measures and outcomes used to evaluate implementation; and 4) identify reported barriers and facilitators to implementation. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), Scopus (Elsevier), and APA PsycINFO (Ovid) for published studies using keywords and structured vocabulary, and supplemented database searches with a grey literature search of conference proceedings. Two authors independently screened then extracted studies that met eligibility criteria. After removing 661 duplicates, we screened 1101 studies by title and abstract and excluded 1037. Thirty-six were excluded after full text review yielding 28 studies for extraction. Studies were observational (n\u2009=\u200920, 71%), QI (n\u2009=\u20097, 25%), and experimental (n\u2009=\u20091, 4%). Twenty (71%) focused on SUDs broadly; 8 (29%) targeted OUD. Five strategy types were identified: 1) education and learning collaboratives (n\u2009=\u200911, 39%); 2) clinical workflows and pathways (n\u2009=\u20097, 25%); 3) brief interventions (n\u2009=\u20092, 7%); 4) peer support (n\u2009=\u20094, 14%); and 5) structural changes (n\u2009=\u20094, 14%). Five studies (18%) considered racial and ethnic equity in design or implementation. Overall, studies highlight promising strategies to implement substance use services for pregnant and birthing people in acute care settings. However, many strategies were not rigorously evaluated and few considered racial and ethnic equity in design or implementation. Future research should focus on more rigorous evaluations of implementation strategies, measure downstream outcomes such as adoption and sustained use of substance use services, and apply a racial equity lens more explicitly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0344389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T17:21:54Z","timestamp":1773422514000},"page":"e0344389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Implementing substance use services into acute care settings for pregnant and birthing people: A systematic scoping review of implementation and quality improvement strategies"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0851-4906","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carla","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4302-7372","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adetayo","family":"Fawole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4578-4051","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gregory","family":"Laynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4601-6940","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer","family":"McNeely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2489-2942","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mishka","family":"Terplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sugy","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0344389.ref001","author":"S Trost","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0344389.ref002","author":"S Trost","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0344389.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2023.06.002","article-title":"Risk of severe maternal morbidity in birthing people with opioid use disorder","volume":"33","author":"GK Osei-Poku","year":"2023","journal-title":"Womens Health Issues"},{"key":"pone.0344389.ref004","first-page":"100308","article-title":"Perinatal substance use disorder: Examining the impact on adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"22","author":"AS Ragsdale","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X"},{"key":"pone.0344389.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108236","article-title":"Substance use disorders and risk of severe maternal morbidity in the United States","volume":"216","author":"M Jarlenski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0344389.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2023.0619","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities among pregnancies with substance use disorder: Impact on perinatal outcomes","volume":"33","author":"AS Ragsdale","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"pone.0344389.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045745","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1045745","article-title":"Principles of care for pregnant and parenting people with substance use disorder: The obstetrician gynecologist perspective","volume":"11","author":"CM Barber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"pone.0344389.ref008","unstructured":"Committee on Obstetric Practice AS of AM. 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