{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:51:15Z","timestamp":1789624275196,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-04251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-04251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FR-2020\/ 0008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FR-2020\/ 0008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005967","name":"Linn\u00e9universitetet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005967","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Strategic Research Program Ecochange"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Many coregonine species have declined drastically across the Northern Hemisphere, including populations of\n                    <jats:italic>Coregonus maraena<\/jats:italic>\n                    (whitefish) in the Baltic Sea, and the mechanisms leading to these declines are not well investigated. An abrupt population crash occurred in the 1990s, coinciding with heavy declines in salmonid recruitment, also known as thiamine deficiency syndrome. Thiamine, i.e., vitamin B1, is an essential micronutrient needed for a functional metabolism. Offspring with thiamine deficiency have a high mortality posing significant negative impact on populations. Here, we aim to determine if whitefish, like other salmonids in the Baltic Sea, is affected by thiamine deficiency. Anadromous whitefish were therefore sampled during spawning in rivers of Southeastern Sweden, and we compared tissue concentrations and thiamine-dependent enzyme latencies to published thresholds. Further, we tested whether the variation in thiamine concentrations among individuals could be explained by physiological and morphological traits. Results showed that latency of thiamine-dependent enzymes along with egg thiamine concentrations suggest no evident thiamine deficiency. Concentrations were generally higher in the liver compared to muscle tissues. While females had lower liver thiamine concentrations compared to males, the opposite was found for muscle tissues, suggesting sex-specific patterns of allocation of the vitamin. Concentrations in eggs were positively related to the condition of the females and, similar to muscle and liver tissues, tended to be negatively related to standardized gill raker length. The latter is often used as a proxy for characterizing the feeding niche of coregonines. As has been observed in a number of other organisms (e.g., fish and molluscs), there was a reduction in thiamine concentration with length. Hence, the populations studied here showed no evidence of exhibiting thiamine deficiency. The variation in thiamine concentrations could largely be attributed to intrinsic physiological traits as well as traits associated with coregonine feeding niche.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0344576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T17:28:57Z","timestamp":1773854937000},"page":"e0344576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Thiamine status of whitefish (Coregonus maraena) in the Baltic Sea"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2201-4416","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marc M.","family":"Hauber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Nordahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Todisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil","family":"Fridolfsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petter","family":"Tibblin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3740-5998","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuel","family":"Hylander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0344576.ref001","author":"C Olson","year":"2008"},{"key":"pone.0344576.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1127\/1612-166X\/2013\/0064-0020","article-title":"Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus (L.)) landings in the Baltic Sea during the past 100 years: combining official datasets and grey literature","volume":"64","author":"A Verliin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Advance in Limnology"},{"key":"pone.0344576.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2007.07.010","article-title":"Swedish Baltic Sea fisheries during 1868\u20131913: Spatio-temporal dynamics of catch and fishing effort","volume":"87","author":"H Ojaveer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fisheries Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0344576.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-1112.2005.00771.x","article-title":"The houting Coregonus oxyrinchus(L.) 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A review of management actions to conserve or restore coregonines","volume":"60","author":"DB Bunnell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Lim"},{"key":"pone.0344576.ref007","volume-title":"Ciscoes (Coregonus, subgenus Leucichthys) of the Laurentian Great Lakes and Lake Nipigon","author":"RL Eshenroder","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0344576.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1139\/er-2022-0109","article-title":"A science and management partnership to restore coregonine diversity to the Laurentian Great Lakes","volume":"31","author":"DB Bunnell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Rev"},{"key":"pone.0344576.ref009","volume-title":"HELCOM red list of Baltic Sea species in danger of becoming extinct","author":"T Kontula","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0344576.ref010","first-page":"31","article-title":"Biology and stock assessments of coregonids by the Baltic coast of Finland","volume":"3","author":"H Lehtonen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Finnish Fish Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0344576.ref011","first-page":"195","article-title":"Changes in the European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus (L.)) population of the Kalajoki - potential consequences of the alterations of fishing patterns in the Gulf of Bothnia","volume":"41","author":"K Aronsuu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annales Zoologici Fennici"},{"key":"pone.0344576.ref012","article-title":"Sweden\u2019s fisheries catches in the Baltic Sea (1950-2007).","volume-title":"Total marine fisheries extractions by country in the Baltic Sea: 1950-present","author":"L. Persson","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0344576.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592-012-0394-2","article-title":"Effective size and genetic composition of two exploited, migratory whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus lavaretus) populations","volume":"13","author":"RJS McCairns","year":"2012","journal-title":"Conserv Genet"},{"key":"pone.0344576.ref014","first-page":"121","article-title":"Rehabilitative redevelopment of the fish and fisheries of the Baltic Sea and the Great Lakes","author":"HA Regier","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"issue":"5186","key":"pone.0344576.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1126\/science.266.5186.753","article-title":"Fragmentation and flow regulation of river systems in the northern third of the world","volume":"266","author":"M 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(Bethesda)"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0344576.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1080\/00028487.2013.811100","article-title":"Impacts of diet on thiamine status of lake Ontario American Eels","volume":"142","author":"JD Fitzsimons","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trans Am Fish Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0344576.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1002\/nafm.10659","article-title":"Ontogenetic dietary changes and thiamine status of Lake Ontario Chinook Salmon, 2005-2006.","volume":"41","author":"JD Fitzsimons","year":"2021","journal-title":"North American J Fisheries Manag"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0344576.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.72339","article-title":"Physiological mechanisms and life history trade-offs in salmonids shape in-tissue correlations of an essential micronutrient","volume":"15","author":"MJ Ejsmond","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecol Evol"}],"container-title":["PLOS 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