{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T18:13:54Z","timestamp":1774030434975,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CURE Children's Hospitals of Ethiopia"},{"name":"Addis Ababa University, Health Science College, School of Medicine, Ethiopia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoliosis is a progressive spinal deformity that often develops during childhood and adolescence. In Ethiopia, population-level prevalence data are scarce, and school-based screening, though practical, may overestimate cases without radiographic confirmation. Understanding its distribution and severity is critical for guiding clinical and public health strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the prevalence of scoliosis among Ethiopian schoolchildren, characterize its types and severity, and examine associations with clinical and anthropometric variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional school-based screening was conducted from March 2024 to June 2025 across 42 public primary schools in six regions. Children aged 6\u201315 years were screened using the Adam\u2019s Forward Bend Test and scoliometer; suspected cases (ATR\u2009\u2265\u20097\u00b0) were referred for radiographic confirmation. Prevalence estimates and associations were analyzed using chi-square tests and t-tests. Data were analyzed in Python, with quality control ensured through standardized training, pilot testing, and double-entry verification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 32,000 children screened, 48 were suspected of scoliosis (0.15%; 95% CI: 0.11\u20130.20%), and 21 were radiographically confirmed (0.066%; 95% CI: 0.04\u20130.10%). Congenital scoliosis was most common (61.9%), with male predominance (69%), while idiopathic scoliosis (23.8%) was more frequent in females (60%). Neuromuscular and syndromic scoliosis were rare. Severity analysis showed male predominance in mild and very severe cases, with equal sex distribution in severe scoliosis. The mean Cobb angle was 47.4\u00b0 (SD\u2009\u00b1\u200928.9), most cases involved the thoracic spine (52.4%), and the rib hump was typically right-sided (61.9%). Cobb angle correlated positively with ATR (r\u2009=\u20090.61) and thoracic loss (r\u2009=\u20090.48), and negatively with age (r\u2009=\u2009\u20130.24) and thoracic height (r\u2009=\u2009\u20130.46).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study shows that scoliosis prevalence within the school population is low, with adolescent idiopathic cases markedly underrepresented compared to other school-based screening reports. These findings suggest that nationwide school screening programs are not recommended. Instead, efforts should prioritize strengthening diagnostic and referral pathways for clinically evident cases to ensure timely access to specialized care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0344671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T17:22:32Z","timestamp":1774027352000},"page":"e0344671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and characteristics of scoliosis among ethiopian schoolchildren aged 6\u201315 Years: A school-based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8827-0766","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Reta","family":"Wakoya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mekbeb","family":"Afework","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alemayehu","family":"Worku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Firaol","family":"Dandena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bolongaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Nunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0344671.ref001","volume-title":"Medical Dictionary","author":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"pone.0344671.ref002","unstructured":"Richards SB, Vitale MG. 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