{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T20:41:16Z","timestamp":1773780076243,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"KC Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University","award":["none"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["none"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Steroid hormones are indispensable for regulating the typical reproductive processes during the development of gonads. This study aimed to clarify the expression patterns of androgen receptors (Ars) and estrogen receptors (Ers) in\n                    <jats:italic>Pampus argenteus<\/jats:italic>\n                    to better understand gonadal development and improve artificial breeding. In this study, the androgen receptors (\n                    <jats:italic>ar\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ar\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and estrogen receptors (\n                    <jats:italic>esr1, esr2a<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>esr2\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) of\n                    <jats:italic>P. argenteus<\/jats:italic>\n                    were cloned and the expression profiles were detected by qPCR. The results showed that the highest expression of\n                    <jats:italic>ar\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    was found in hypothalamus, while\n                    <jats:italic>ar\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    was mainly found in midbrain of male fish. The\n                    <jats:italic>esr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>esr2\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>esr2\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed the highest expression level in pituitary, ovary, and liver of female fish, respectively. During the gonadal development,\n                    <jats:italic>ar\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ar\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    reached their highest expression in stage IV, while\n                    <jats:italic>esr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>esr2a<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>esr2\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed the strongest expression in stage V in the ovary. In the testis,\n                    <jats:italic>ar\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>esr2\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed the highest expression in stage I,\n                    <jats:italic>ar\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    peaked in stage II, and\n                    <jats:italic>esr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>esr2a<\/jats:italic>\n                    reached their highest levels in stage IV. In the pituitary,\n                    <jats:italic>ar\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    peaked during stage IV of ovarian development, while\n                    <jats:italic>esr1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>esr2a<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and esr2\u03b2 all exhibited sex- and stage-specific expression partterns. Hormone treatment results showed that in ovarian tissue, E2 significantly upregulated\n                    <jats:italic>ar\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ar\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and all\n                    <jats:italic>ers<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In testicular tissue, MT markedly promoted the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>ar\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ar\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and all\n                    <jats:italic>ers<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and the combined E2\u2009+\u2009MT treatment also synergistically enhanced\n                    <jats:italic>ar\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression. Taken together, Ars and Ers exhibit distinct tissue- and stage-specific roles in gonadal development, with Ars primarily involved in early gametogenesis and Ers in later maturation. Their complementary, hormone-responsive functions provide a molecular basis for asynchronous gonadal development and offer guidance for improving artificial breeding of\n                    <jats:italic>P. argenteus<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0344676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T17:25:30Z","timestamp":1773768330000},"page":"e0344676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The potential roles of androgen and estrogen receptors during reproductive cycle in Pampus 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