{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:42:41Z","timestamp":1775068961364,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u2019s (CDC) Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity","award":["U48DP006381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U48DP006381"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rural US adults experience disparities in meeting the physical activity guidelines (PAGs). Little is known about preferred types of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), nor their relationship with meeting the PAGs. This study aimed to identify the most prevalent LTPAs among US adults, the relationship between LTPA types and meeting PAGs, and how these differed by residential status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Study data were analyzed. Age-adjusted prevalence of 75 LTPAs and 11 categories of LTPAs that respondents spent the \u201cmost time\u201d and \u201cnext most time\u201d in during the previous month were compared by residential status (metropolitan; non-metropolitan). Logistic and multinomial logistic regression analyses adjusted for a variety of factors were used to compare the prevalence of meeting aerobic-, muscle strengthening, and combined PAGs by residential status. Age-adjusted prevalence of meeting the combined PAGs by 11 LTPA categories was compared by metropolitan status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Walking was the most prevalent LTPA (44.1%). Lawn\/garden, hunting\/fishing, household, farm\/ranch work, childcare, and winter activities were more prevalent among non-metropolitan (rural) residents. Walking, running\/jogging, weightlifting, conditioning, other activities, sports, bicycling, water activities, and dance were more prevalent among metropolitan (urban) residents. Non-metropolitan residents were less likely to meet the minimal aerobic-, muscle-strengthening, and combined PAGs, and were more likely to be inactive. Among adults that engaged in walking, roughly 25% met the combined PAGs and about 22% did not meet either PAG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When creating targeted rural PA interventions, LTPA preferences could be embraced and augmented or the non-preferred LTPAs could be adapted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0345026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T17:23:59Z","timestamp":1775064239000},"page":"e0345026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adults\u2019 leisure-time physical activity preferences and association with physical activity guidelines by metropolitan status, United States, 2019"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1972-2348","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christiaan G.","family":"Abildso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene C.","family":"Fitzhugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5930-8910","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alan M.","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6638-9352","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ashleigh","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina L.","family":"Maruca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1061-7090","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefanie M.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia K.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carissa R.","family":"Smock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5711-3514","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Ren\u00e9e","family":"Umstattd Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0345026.ref001","article-title":"Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition","author":"United States Department of Health and Human Services USDHHS","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0345026.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2021-0173","article-title":"Trends in aerobic physical activity participation across multiple domains among US adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007\/2008 to 2017\/2018","volume":"18","author":"GP Whitfield","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"key":"pone.0345026.ref003","article-title":"Trends in Meeting the Physical Activity Guidelines: Muscle-Strengthening Alone and Combined With Aerobic Activity, United States, 1998-2018","volume":"18","author":"ET Hyde","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0345026.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6823a1","article-title":"Trends in Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines Among Urban and Rural Dwelling Adults - United States, 2008-2017","volume":"68","author":"GP Whitfield","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0345026.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6605a1","article-title":"Health-related behaviors by urban-rural county classification - United States, 2013","volume":"66","author":"KA Matthews","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0345026.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.12295","article-title":"Urban-Rural Differences in Aerobic Physical Activity, Muscle Strengthening Exercise, and Screen-Time Sedentary Behavior","volume":"34","author":"MC Robertson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Rural Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0345026.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7204a1","article-title":"Prevalence of Meeting Aerobic, Muscle-Strengthening, and Combined Physical Activity Guidelines During Leisure Time Among Adults, by Rural-Urban Classification and Region - United States, 2020","volume":"72","author":"CG Abildso","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"pone.0345026.ref008","article-title":"U.S. Adults\u2019 Participation in Specific Activities: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System--2011","author":"KB Watson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"key":"pone.0345026.ref009","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0345026.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10574","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182010574","article-title":"What Sets Physically Active Rural Communities Apart from Less Active Ones? 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