{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:44:28Z","timestamp":1775069068779,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we examine voting intentions during the later stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to risk perceptions and performance evaluations. Although prior research has documented rally-around-the-flag effects during the early phase of the pandemic, less is known about how vote choice is structured once acute crisis conditions have waned. This study draws on a nationally representative survey conducted in South Korea around the March 2022 presidential election. The analysis examines associations between affective and cognitive risk perceptions, evaluations of the government\u2019s COVID-19 countermeasures, overall government approval, economic evaluations and expectations, and voting intention. The results show that cognitive risk perception was associated with voting intention to a limited degree, whereas affective risk perception was not. More importantly, voting intentions were associated with conventional performance evaluations\u2014overall government approval and economic evaluations and expectations\u2014alongside pandemic-response approval, rather than being explained solely by the latter. This study addresses the need to better understand electoral behavior during the later phase of a prolonged crisis, a period that has received far less scholarly attention than the acute onset of the pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0345621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T17:26:56Z","timestamp":1775064416000},"page":"e0345621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Voting intentions during the later stage of the COVID-19 pandemic: The roles of risk perception and performance evaluations in South Korea"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Soo Yun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gyeongmin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seongoh","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheonsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deok Hyun","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0853-9775","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dong-Hee","family":"Joe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3277-7706","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Won Mo","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0345621.ref001","volume-title":"Affective intelligence and political judgment","author":"GE Marcus","year":"2000"},{"key":"pone.0345621.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022381609990910","article-title":"The politics of threat: How terrorism news shapes foreign policy attitudes","volume":"72","author":"SK Gadarian","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Polit"},{"key":"pone.0345621.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01498516","article-title":"The rally \u2019round the flag effect in US foreign policy crises, 1950\u20131985","volume":"17","author":"JR Oneal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Polit Behav"},{"issue":"01","key":"pone.0345621.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049096503001665","article-title":"Anatomy of a Rally Effect: George W. 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