{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T18:54:36Z","timestamp":1783018476092,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and rotavirus vaccine (RVV) have been introduced to Ethiopia\u2019s expanded childhood immunization program in 2011 and 2013, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional study among 2,055 children aged 12\u201335 months was employed. Data were extracted from the Kids Record file of the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey. Spatial regression models were fitted and compared using corrected Akaike Information Criteria, Bayesian Information Criteria and adjusted R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Spatial predictors were determined to be statistically significant if their p-value was\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incomplete uptake of recently introduced immunizations was observed in nearly half (48.83%) of children aged 12\u201335 months. Its distribution throughout Ethiopia\u2019s regions shows significant spatial clustering, with the eastern part of SNNPR and Somali regions having hot spots. A total of 3 significant clusters, located in southern Oromia, east and west Hararge, the entire SNNPR, and the majority of the Somali region, with a high rate of incomplete uptake of newly introduced vaccines, were identified during\u00a0SaTScan\u00a0analysis. Not having vaccination cards, household size more than 5 members, home delivery, not having postnatal care, and less than 18 maternal age at first birth are positive significant spatial factors while parents not being head of the household were identified as negative significant spatial factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is high incomplete uptake and spatial disparities of PCV and RVV. To improve vaccination coverage among children aged 12\u201335 months, policymakers and health planners should prioritize targeted interventions in hotspot areas, strengthen maternal health service utilization, and enhance vaccination tracking systems. Promoting community awareness and improving access to essential health services will be critical to ensuring equitable immunization uptake across the country.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0345899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:47:14Z","timestamp":1783014434000},"page":"e0345899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatial distribution of uptake of newly introduced vaccines and its associated factors among children aged 12\u201335 months in Ethiopia: Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1777-8086","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Habtamu Guaguahu","family":"Feleke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulat Belay","family":"Simegn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4357-6494","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel Tarekegn","family":"Worede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werkneh Melkie","family":"Tilahun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0345899.ref001","first-page":"197","article-title":"The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000","volume":"81","author":"M Kosek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0345899.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP156","article-title":"Assessing the association between thermotolerant coliforms in drinking water and diarrhea: an analysis of individual-level data from multiple studies","volume":"124","author":"J Hodge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0345899.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-021-00319-x","article-title":"Determinants of full childhood immunization among children aged 12-23 months in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis using Demographic and Health Survey Data","volume":"49","author":"SM Fenta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0345899.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2830","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15122830","article-title":"Experience and future perceived risk of floods and diarrheal disease in urban poor communities in Accra, Ghana","volume":"15","author":"M Abu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0345899.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deribew A, et al. 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