{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T18:08:29Z","timestamp":1775585309495,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82302527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82302527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"College Students\u2019 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project","award":["ZYDC202401054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYDC202401054"]}]},{"name":"College Students\u2019 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project","award":["ZYDC202302258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYDC202302258"]}]},{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University","award":["rc220220916"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["rc220220916"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Plan","award":["QKHCG LC2025 YB014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QKHCG LC2025 YB014"]}]},{"name":"High level innovative talents in Guizhou Province","award":["xmrc120240204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xmrc120240204"]}]},{"name":"Department of Education of Guizhou Province Youth Talent Project","award":["KY [2021] 214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KY [2021] 214"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) is a common opportunistic pathogen. The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics, trends, and correlations\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection rates and drug resistance patterns between intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients in Guizhou, China. These findings can provide valuable information for treating\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections and enriching the theoretical framework for controlling bacterial infections and drug resistance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Samples were collected from both outpatients and inpatients. Identification of bacterial species, extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) testing, and drug susceptibility testing for 17 antibiotics were performed using the VITEK-2 Compact system. Trends were examined using correlation analyses with a two-tailed Pearson\u2019s test in SPSS 26.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most frequently detected pathogen. Infection rates showed a decreasing trend, which positively correlated with declining ESBL-positive rates, comprehensive drug resistance rates (defined as the ratio of total resistant results to total tests across 17 antimicrobial agents), and multidrug resistance (MDR) rates. Furthermore, the trend in ICU detection rates was positively correlated with declines in comprehensive drug resistance and MDR rates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Declining infection and ICU detection rates of\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      were associated with reduced drug resistance rates. Controlling infection and drug resistance rates in\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      may synergistically improve clinical outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0346023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T17:21:54Z","timestamp":1775582514000},"page":"e0346023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends and correlations of infection rates and drug resistance of Escherichia coli among ICU and Non-ICU patients in Guizhou, China"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Zeling","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuejiao","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wensheng","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengyuan","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anxin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiongyao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8003-4478","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zuyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0346023.ref001","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Isolation and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli from caprine respiratory tract infections: A hospital-based clinical study","volume":"11","author":"S Barua","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Adv Vet Anim Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0346023.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00639-z","article-title":"Infectious disease in an era of global change","volume":"20","author":"RE Baker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0346023.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11113204","article-title":"An overview of healthcare associated infections and their detection methods caused by pathogen bacteria in romania and Europe","volume":"11","author":"S Szab\u00f3","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0346023.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.09.028","article-title":"Bacterial heterogeneity and antibiotic survival: Understanding and combatting persistence and heteroresistance","volume":"76","author":"L Dewachter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0346023.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12031189","article-title":"Clinical distribution and drug resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa in Guangzhou, China from 2017 to 2021","volume":"12","author":"J Lyu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0346023.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11081082","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance and its spread is a global threat","volume":"11","author":"MM Aljeldah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0346023.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30325-0","article-title":"Effect of antibiotic stewardship on the incidence of infection and colonisation with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and Clostridium difficile infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"D Baur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0346023.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy270","article-title":"Twenty-year trends in antimicrobial susceptibilities among staphylococcus aureus from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program","volume":"6","author":"DJ Diekema","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0346023.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6809e1","article-title":"Vital signs: Epidemiology and Recent Trends in Methicillin-Resistant and in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections - 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