{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:52:03Z","timestamp":1792000323045,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The risk of falls is a global public health issue, with over 38 million disability-adjusted life years lost annually due to falls. However, older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are more likely to fall and suffer more severe injuries compared to cognitively normal older adults, which also has an impact on their quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was a randomized, controlled trial with two parallel groups, allocated in a 1:1 ratio using a concealed allocation mechanism and assessor blinding. 53 participants were randomly assigned to the 12-week Wuqinxi exercise group or the 12-week stretching exercise group. Overall cognitive function, risk of falls, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and at post. Independent t-tests and non-parametric tests were used to compare the outcome variables between the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were no significant differences in baseline demographic characteristics or assessment indicators between Wuqinxi exercise group and stretching exercise group (P\u2009&gt;\u20090.05), indicating comparability between the groups. After 12 weeks of intervention, the Wuqinxi exercise group showed significant improvements in primary outcome measures, including cognitive function and risk of falls (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In the SF-12 quality of life, Wuqinxi exercise group showed statistically significant improvements in six dimensions (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), including general Health (GH), physical Function (PF), role Physical (RP), body Pain (BP), role Emotional (RE), and mental Health (MH). In two dimensions insignificant vitality (VT, P\u2009=\u20090.649) and social function (SF, P\u2009=\u20090.089). The median and interquartile range after intervention were also overall better in the Wuqinxi exercise group. In addition, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was significantly negatively correlated with Timed Up and Go TestTimed Up and Go Test (TUG) (r\u2009= \u22120.52, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and significantly positively correlated with Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES) (r\u2009=\u20090.463, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The improvement in quality of life in the BP and SF dimensions was significantly positively correlated with the increase Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and MMSE respectively (BP-MoCA: r\u2009=\u2009 0.406, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05; SF-MMSE: r\u2009= 0.399, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Wuqinxi exercise is a feasible and acceptable intervention for improving cognitive function, preventing falls, and enhancing quality of life in older adults with MCI. Our study\u2019s findings emphasize the importance of Wuqinxi exercise in older adults\u2019 health management and confirm the feasibility of a large-scale andomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0346490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T17:45:46Z","timestamp":1778089546000},"page":"e0346490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Wuqinxi exercise for mind and balance: Enhancing cognition, fall prevention, and quality of life in older adults with mild cognitive impairment"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5654-3062","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qingpan","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianye","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Bia\u0142as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Wilczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0346490.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01380.x","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment--beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment","volume":"256","author":"B Winblad","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"9518","key":"pone.0346490.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68542-5","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment","volume":"367","author":"S Gauthier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0346490.ref003","article-title":"Early recognition of mild cognitive impairment and research progress of relevant theoretical models","volume":"53","author":"LZY Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Nursing"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0346490.ref004","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and management of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in adults aged 60 years or older in China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"5","author":"L Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0346490.ref005","first-page":"403","article-title":"A study on influencing factors for mild cognitive impairment in the elderly in Huangpu District, Shanghai","volume":"30","author":"Q Fengqian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geriatrics & Health Care"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0346490.ref006","first-page":"7","article-title":"Current status and influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment in 1064 elderly people in rural areas of Shanxi","volume":"30","author":"C Xiao-xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0346490.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.106914","article-title":"Quantitative gait dysfunction and risk of cognitive decline and dementia","volume":"78","author":"J Verghese","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0346490.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls224","article-title":"Cognitive function, gait, and gait variability in older people: a population-based study","volume":"68","author":"KL Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0346490.ref009","article-title":"The effect of 12 weeks of Baduanjin exercise on cognitive function, lower limb balance and quality of life of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"181","author":"K Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gazz Med Ital - Arch Sci Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"pone.0346490.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198812293192604","article-title":"Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community","volume":"319","author":"ME Tinetti","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0346490.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138508963288","article-title":"Muscular strength profiles and anthropometry in random samples of men aged 31\u201335, 51\u201355 and 71\u201375 years","volume":"28","author":"JT Viitasalo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0346490.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.5.1581","article-title":"Age and gender comparisons of muscle strength in 654 women and men aged 20-93 yr","volume":"83","author":"RS Lindle","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0346490.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2389.2003.51267.x","article-title":"Is a fall just a fall: correlates of falling in healthy older persons. The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study","volume":"51","author":"N de Rekeneire","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"pone.0346490.ref014","first-page":"64","article-title":"Strength is a major factor in balance, gait, and the occurrence of falls","author":"L Wolfson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0346490.ref015","first-page":"338","article-title":"Physiological factors associated with injurious falls in older people living in the community","volume":"38","author":"SR Lord","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0346490.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1986.tb07256.x","article-title":"Stressing the postural response. A quantitative method for testing balance","volume":"34","author":"LI Wolfson","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0346490.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.11.2069","article-title":"A dynamic posturography study of balance in healthy elderly","volume":"42","author":"L Wolfson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0346490.ref018","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0346490.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1391-9","article-title":"Falls and risk factors of falls for urban and rural community-dwelling older adults in China","volume":"19","author":"L Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0346490.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1519\/JPT.0000000000000135","article-title":"Risk Factors for Falls in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer Disease","volume":"42","author":"JH Ansai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Geriatr Phys Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0346490.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3928\/19404921-20160908-01","article-title":"Falls and Fall Prevention in Older Adults With Early-Stage Dementia: An Integrative Review","volume":"10","author":"HW Lach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Gerontol Nurs"},{"key":"pone.0346490.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2015.12.008","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment is associated with falls among older adults: Findings from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)","volume":"75","author":"S Tyrovolas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"21","key":"pone.0346490.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.5795","article-title":"Effect of a Home-Based Exercise Program on Subsequent Falls Among Community-Dwelling High-Risk Older Adults After a Fall: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"321","author":"T Liu-Ambrose","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0346490.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2016.07.002","article-title":"Health benefits of traditional Chinese sports and physical activity for older adults: A systematic review of evidence","volume":"5","author":"Y Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0346490.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4278\/ajhp.081013-LIT-248","article-title":"A comprehensive review of health benefits of qigong and tai chi","volume":"24","author":"R Jahnke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0346490.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.3.303","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome","volume":"56","author":"RC Petersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0346490.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179","article-title":"Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living","volume":"9","author":"MP Lawton","year":"1969","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0346490.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"ZS Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0346490.ref029","first-page":"189","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"MF Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"31","key":"pone.0346490.ref030","first-page":"2906","article-title":"A study on reliability and validity of MoCA scale of Chinese version","volume":"21","author":"L Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chinese Nursing Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0346490.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5764-dn-2021-0097","article-title":"45 Years of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE): A perspective from ibero-america","volume":"16","author":"M Gallegos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dement Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0346490.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2014.926455","article-title":"The Relevance of Sociodemographic and Health Variables on MMSE Normative Data","volume":"22","author":"S Freitas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Neuropsychol Adult"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0346490.ref033","first-page":"477","article-title":"Reliability, validity and structure of the Chinese Geriatric Depression Scale in a Hong Kong context: a preliminary report","volume":"35","author":"HF Chiu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0346490.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03325265","article-title":"The five-times-sit-to-stand test: validity, reliability and detectable change in older females","volume":"24","author":"A Goldberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"010","key":"pone.0346490.ref035","first-page":"908","article-title":"The five times sit to stand test: a useful assessment tool for predicting falls in elderly","volume":"027","author":"C Weng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0346490.ref036","first-page":"570","article-title":"Characteristics that affect score reliability in the Berg Balance Scale: a meta-analytic reliability generalization study","volume":"55","author":"A-B Meseguer-Henarejos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0346490.ref037","first-page":"743","article-title":"The timed up and go test for fall risk prediction in older adults: the latest advances","volume":"41","author":"RYJZBLM Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Geriatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0346490.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.03.008","article-title":"Reliability and Validity of the Timed Up and Go Test With a Motor Task in People With Chronic Stroke","volume":"98","author":"PP Chan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0346490.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20090126","article-title":"Minimal detectable change of the timed \u201cup & go\u201d test and the dynamic gait index in people with Parkinson disease","volume":"91","author":"S-L Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0346490.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070214","article-title":"Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change on balance and ambulation tests, the 36-item short-form health survey, and the unified Parkinson disease rating scale in people with parkinsonism","volume":"88","author":"T Steffen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"pone.0346490.ref041","volume-title":"Berg Balance Testing","author":"N Miranda","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0346490.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2015033","article-title":"Discriminant analysis for predictor of falls in stroke patients by using the Berg Balance Scale","volume":"56","author":"N Maeda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"issue":"25","key":"pone.0346490.ref043","first-page":"3097","article-title":"The self-rated fall risk questionnaire and modified falls efficacy scale in assessing the fall risk in community-dwelling older Chinese adults: a comparative study","volume":"25","author":"J Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chinese General Practice"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0346490.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90063-5","article-title":"Fear of falling revisited","volume":"77","author":"KD Hill","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0346490.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00109-7","article-title":"Cross-validation of item selection and scoring for the SF-12 Health Survey in nine countries: results from the IQOLA Project","volume":"51","author":"B Gandek","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0346490.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","article-title":"A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity","volume":"34","author":"J Ware","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"pone.0346490.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101834","article-title":"Mind-body exercise improves cognitive function and modulates the function and structure of the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex in patients with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"23","author":"J Tao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"pone.0346490.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3235950","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3235950","article-title":"Beneficial Effects of Qigong Wuqinxi in the Improvement of Health Condition, Prevention, and Treatment of Chronic Diseases: Evidence from a Systematic Review","volume":"2018","author":"Y Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0346490.ref049","first-page":"93","article-title":"Review of health effect of Wuqinxi exercise in China","volume":"1","author":"L Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wushu Studies"},{"key":"pone.0346490.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546834","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.546834","article-title":"Effect of 1 Year of Qigong Exercise on Cognitive Function Among Older Chinese Adults at Risk of Cognitive Decline: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"11","author":"J Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0346490.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2016.07.002","article-title":"Health benefits of traditional Chinese sports and physical activity for older adults: A systematic review of evidence","volume":"5","author":"Y Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0346490.ref052","article-title":"Effects of Meditation and Mind-Body Exercises on Older Adults\u2019 Cognitive Performance: A Meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"JSY Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0346490.ref053","first-page":"3","article-title":"Research on the anti-aging effects of Baduanjin Qigong fitness exercises","volume":"46","author":"W Qiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of New Chineses in Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0346490.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12611","article-title":"Effect of tai chi on cognitive performance in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"PM Wayne","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0346490.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-016-0137-0","article-title":"The mental-attention Tai Chi effect with older adults","volume":"4","author":"THM Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0346490.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2018.11.005","article-title":"Tai Chi practice on prefrontal oxygenation levels in older adults: A pilot study","volume":"42","author":"WWN Tsang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0346490.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2013.01.011","article-title":"Tai Chi and Qigong for the treatment and prevention of mental disorders","volume":"36","author":"R Abbott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0346490.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2022.2099909","article-title":"Effects of mind-body exercise Baduanjin on cognition in community-dwelling older people with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"R Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0346490.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2017.05.005","article-title":"Effect of Qigong exercise on cognitive function, blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy middle-aged subjects","volume":"33","author":"S Ladawan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"pone.0346490.ref060","first-page":"827392","article-title":"Developing and testing the effectiveness of a novel health qigong for frail elders in Hong Kong: a preliminary study","volume":"2013","author":"HWH Tsang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0346490.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.1.39","article-title":"Nortriptyline and interpersonal psychotherapy as maintenance therapies for recurrent major depression: a randomized controlled trial in patients older than 59 years","volume":"281","author":"CF Reynolds","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0346490","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T17:45:55Z","timestamp":1778089555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0346490"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Annaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0346490","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]}}}