{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T18:21:38Z","timestamp":1775845298865,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007254","name":"Creighton University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2300138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2300138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007254","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stroke affects the sensorimotor control of the upper extremity, limiting functional movements which require coordination between the shoulder and distal joints. StartReact has been used to investigate motor planning, independent of motor initiation and execution, but it is unclear if observed deficits in motor planning at the shoulder are due to task requirements or stroke-related impairments. Our aim was to decouple these factors by studying motor planning of shoulder movement in participants who have not had a stroke. Participants performed unilateral shoulder abduction movements from two initial positions in response to auditory cues. Muscle activity was recorded from the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles as an indicator of startReact. Middle deltoid (DELT) activity and shoulder abduction position were also recorded. We hypothesized that unilateral shoulder abduction could be triggered by a loud acoustic stimulus (LAS) used to study startReact. We further hypothesized that these LAS-triggered movements would be initiated at shorter onset latencies but otherwise would not differ in movement timing or kinematics compared to volitional movements as evidence of motor planning. We found a significantly higher probability of early SCM activity with LAS delivery, consistent with evidence of motor planning for unilateral shoulder abduction from both initial positions. Shoulder abduction onset, movement duration, and DELT onset were shorter and peak velocity was greater with LAS-triggered movement compared to voluntary movement for both initial positions. Differences in the displacement between LAS-triggered and voluntary movements depended on task training. Overall, our findings further knowledge of shoulder sensorimotor control and highlight challenges with using startReact to investigate stroke-related movement impairments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0346615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:30:58Z","timestamp":1775842258000},"page":"e0346615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Motor planning, initiation and execution of shoulder abduction against gravity: Evidence from startReact"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8446-033X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christina","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brianna","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma M.","family":"Baillargeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1813-7449","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rosalind L.","family":"Heckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0346615.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/01253086-199620010-00011","article-title":"Neurologic professional education: linking the foundation science of motor control with physical therapy interventions for movement dysfunction","volume":"20","author":"LD Hedman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurol Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0346615.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20050260","article-title":"An integrated framework for decision making in neurologic physical therapist practice","volume":"86","author":"M Schenkman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0346615.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000098","article-title":"Guidelines for Adult Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"47","author":"CJ Winstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0346615.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30415-6","article-title":"Advances and challenges in stroke rehabilitation","volume":"19","author":"CM Stinear","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0346615.ref005","first-page":"5182310","article-title":"Influence of Chronic Stroke on Functional Arm Reaching: Quantifying Deficits in the Ipsilesional Upper Extremity","volume":"2019","author":"S Subramaniam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rehabil Res Pract"},{"key":"pone.0346615.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm145","article-title":"Ipsilesional motor deficits following stroke reflect hemispheric specializations for movement control","volume":"130","author":"SY Schaefer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0346615.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/74.4.443","article-title":"The restoration of motor function following hemiplegia in man","volume":"74","author":"TE Twitchell","year":"1951","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"pone.0346615.ref008","volume-title":"Movement therapy in hemiplegia: a neurophysiological approach","author":"S Brunnstrom","year":"1970"},{"key":"pone.0346615.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/118.2.495","article-title":"Abnormal muscle coactivation patterns during isometric torque generation at the elbow and shoulder in hemiparetic subjects","author":"JP Dewald","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0346615.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4598(200102)24:2<273::AID-MUS130>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Abnormal joint torque patterns in the paretic upper limb of subjects with hemiparesis","volume":"24","author":"JP Dewald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0346615.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.32446","article-title":"Alterations in reaching after stroke and their relation to movement direction and impairment severity","volume":"83","author":"DG Kamper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0346615.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2006.875554","article-title":"Prolonged cognitive planning time, elevated cognitive effort, and relationship to coordination and motor control following stroke","volume":"14","author":"JJ Daly","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0346615.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.09.022","article-title":"Upper extremity muscle activation during recovery of reaching in subjects with post-stroke hemiparesis","volume":"118","author":"JM Wagner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0346615.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.08.063","article-title":"Dissociation of initial trajectory and final position errors during visuomotor adaptation following unilateral stroke","volume":"1298","author":"SY Schaefer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0346615.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000307","article-title":"Hemispheric activation during planning and execution phases in reaching post stroke: a consort study","volume":"94","author":"Y Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0346615.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000582","article-title":"Startle and the StartReact Effect: Physiological Mechanisms","volume":"36","author":"AN Carlsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0346615.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.04.009","article-title":"Considerations for the use of a startling acoustic stimulus in studies of motor preparation in humans","volume":"35","author":"AN Carlsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"pone.0346615.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0931u.x","article-title":"Patterned ballistic movements triggered by a startle in healthy humans","author":"J Valls-Sol\u00e9","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0346615.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043097","article-title":"Planning of ballistic movement following stroke: insights from the startle reflex","volume":"7","author":"CF Honeycutt","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0346615.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.12.102","article-title":"Deficits in startle-evoked arm movements increase with impairment following stroke","volume":"125","author":"CF Honeycutt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0346615.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.05.025","article-title":"Startling acoustic stimuli can evoke fast hand extension movements in stroke survivors","volume":"126","author":"CF Honeycutt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0346615.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.07.010","article-title":"Impaired motor preparation and execution during standing reach in people with chronic stroke","volume":"630","author":"S McCombe Waller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0346615.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00694.2018","article-title":"Impaired posture, movement preparation, and execution during both paretic and nonparetic reaching following stroke","volume":"121","author":"C-L Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0346615.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-022-06368-w","article-title":"Influence of task complexity on movement planning and release after stroke: insights from startReact","volume":"240","author":"H Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0346615.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6532","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33493-5","article-title":"Startle-triggered responses indicate reticulospinal drive is larger for voluntary shoulder versus finger movements","volume":"13","author":"D Maslovat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0346615.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.01.076","article-title":"Motor preparation is modulated by the resolution of the response timing information","volume":"1322","author":"AN Carlsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0346615.ref027","first-page":"238","article-title":"A biomechanical analysis of scapular rotation during arm abduction in the scapular plane","volume":"67","author":"SD Bagg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"330","key":"pone.0346615.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199609000-00002","article-title":"Observations of the function of the shoulder joint. 1944","author":"VT Inman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0346615.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1575-5","article-title":"Startle response is dishabituated during a reaction time task","volume":"152","author":"AN Carlsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0346615.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.01.029","article-title":"Startle reveals an absence of advance motor programming in a Go\/No-go task","volume":"434","author":"AN Carlsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0346615.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-018-5399-8","article-title":"Startle evokes nearly identical movements in multi-jointed, two-dimensional reaching tasks","volume":"237","author":"MR Ossanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"pone.0346615.ref032","volume-title":"Dutton\u2019s orthopaedic examination, evaluation, and intervention","author":"M Dutton","year":"2023","edition":"6"},{"key":"pone.0346615.ref033","volume-title":"ABC of EMG: A Practical Introduction to Kinesiological Electromyography","author":"P Konrad","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0346615.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2009.06.004","article-title":"Quantifying \u201cnormal\u201d shoulder muscle activity during abduction","volume":"20","author":"J Wickham","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0346615.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2012.05.003","article-title":"Reliability and minimal detectable change in scapulothoracic neuromuscular activity","volume":"22","author":"AL Seitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0346615.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90088-6","article-title":"Thoracic position effect on shoulder range of motion, strength, and three-dimensional scapular kinematics","volume":"80","author":"M Kebaetse","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0346615.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2018.09.010","article-title":"Is the occiput-wall distance valid and reliable to determine the presence of thoracic hyperkyphosis?","volume":"38","author":"A Wiyanad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Sci Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0346615.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00878.2007","article-title":"Differential effects of startle on reaction time for finger and arm movements","volume":"101","author":"AN Carlsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0346615.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3200\/JMBR.36.3.253-264","article-title":"Prepared movements are elicited early by startle","volume":"36","author":"AN Carlsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0346615.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0610-8","article-title":"Startle produces early response latencies that are distinct from stimulus intensity effects","volume":"176","author":"AN Carlsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0346615.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201301","article-title":"StartReact effects in first dorsal interosseous muscle are absent in a pinch task, but present when combined with elbow flexion","volume":"13","author":"JM Castellote","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0346615.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1177\/026988119801200402","article-title":"Repeated testing of prepulse inhibition and habituation of the startle reflex: a study in healthy human controls","volume":"12","author":"K Abel","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0346615.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)11790-P","article-title":"Reaction time and acoustic startle in normal human subjects","volume":"195","author":"J Valls-Sol\u00e9","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0346615.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-004-1924-z","article-title":"Can prepared responses be stored subcortically?","volume":"159","author":"AN Carlsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"pone.0346615.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.03.009","article-title":"Electric and acoustic stimulation during movement preparation can facilitate movement execution in healthy participants and stroke survivors","volume":"618","author":"W Marinovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0346615.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00166.2011","article-title":"Motor preparation of spatially and temporally defined movements: evidence from startle","volume":"106","author":"D Maslovat","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0346615.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.01.028","article-title":"The StartReact effect in tasks requiring end-point accuracy","volume":"126","author":"JM Castellote","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0346615.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00866.2012","article-title":"Evidence for reticulospinal contributions to coordinated finger movements in humans","volume":"110","author":"CF Honeycutt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0346615.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.2020.1732860","article-title":"Experts, but not novices, exhibit StartReact indicating experts use the reticulospinal system more than novices","volume":"53","author":"BM Bartels","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"issue":"285","key":"pone.0346615.ref050","first-page":"181","article-title":"Articular geometry of the glenohumeral joint","author":"LJ Soslowsky","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0346615.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002708","article-title":"Muscle Contraction Has a Reduced Effect on Increasing Glenohumeral Stability in the Apprehension Position","volume":"53","author":"CP Nicolozakes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0346615.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00259.2022","article-title":"Stretch reflex gain scaling at the shoulder varies with synergistic muscle activity","volume":"128","author":"CP Nicolozakes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0346615.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796472","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2021.796472","article-title":"Translations of the Humeral Head Elicit Reflexes in Rotator Cuff Muscles That Are Larger Than Those in the Primary Shoulder Movers","volume":"15","author":"CP Nicolozakes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Integr Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0346615.ref054","first-page":"97","article-title":"Reactive Neuromuscular Training: A Multi-level Approach to Rehabilitation of the Unstable Shoulder","volume":"2","author":"JA Guido","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Am J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0346615.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.059311","article-title":"Rehabilitation for shoulder instability","volume":"44","author":"A Jaggi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0346615.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.06.010","article-title":"Motor control retraining exercises for shoulder impingement: effects on function, muscle activation, and biomechanics in young adults","volume":"22","author":"P Worsley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0346615.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20140156","article-title":"Staged Approach for Rehabilitation Classification: Shoulder Disorders (STAR-Shoulder)","volume":"95","author":"PW McClure","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0346615.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab072","article-title":"Motor control exercises compared to strengthening exercises for upper- and lower-extremity musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials","volume":"101","author":"S Lafrance","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0346615.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2022.11306","article-title":"Diagnosing, Managing, and Supporting Return to Work of Adults With Rotator Cuff Disorders: A Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"52","author":"S Lafrance","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0346615.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0468.22","article-title":"Current Clinical Concepts: Nonoperative Management of Shoulder Instability","volume":"59","author":"M Olds","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"pone.0346615.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.00289.x","article-title":"Startle response of human neck muscles sculpted by readiness to perform ballistic head movements","volume":"535","author":"GP Siegmund","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0346615.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-019-05592-1","article-title":"Uncertainty in when a perturbation will arrive influences the preparation and release of triggered responses","volume":"237","author":"RL Heckman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"pone.0346615.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592691","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2025.1592691","article-title":"Effects of asymmetrical postural demands on sternocleidomastoid reflex in the startReact paradigm","volume":"19","author":"ENA Adjei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0346615.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02825-8","article-title":"Response triggering by an acoustic stimulus increases with stimulus intensity and is best predicted by startle reflex activation","volume":"11","author":"D Maslovat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0346615","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:31:09Z","timestamp":1775842269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0346615"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Graci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0346615","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]}}}