{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:54:30Z","timestamp":1780469670229,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020069","name":"Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Extensi\u00f3n, Universidad Industrial de Santander","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3722"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3722"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been inconsistently associated with neurodevelopmental delay (ND). We aimed to compare the incidence of ND between ZIKV-exposed and ZIKV-unexposed children within the ZIKAlliance (ZA) cohort, in Colombia, assessed 2 years after birth (2018\u20132021).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a neurodevelopmental evaluation on normocephalic children (aged 40\u201372 months) from the ZIKAlliance cohort. Children were classified as ZIKV-exposed (maternal positive RT-qPCR or virus neutralization test \u2013 VNT) or unexposed (maternal negative IgG ELISA or VNT in paired antenatal samples). A trained psychologist, blinded to exposure status, administered the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST-II). Children were considered at ND risk if they presented \u22651 delay or \u22652 cautions in one or more areas, within their age range in the DDST-II scale. Inconclusive initial tests were re-evaluated. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed conclusive DDST-II results from 153 children (mean age: 4.7 years; 53.8% male). Overall, 57.2% (n\u2009=\u200983) were classified as cases of ND. Children with ND were more likely to be male (61.4% versus 43.5%) and less likely to attend daycare or school (42.2% versus 11.3%) than children with normal development. After adjusting for child age, sex, household size, and education, the association between in utero ZIKV exposure and ND was not statistically significant (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.32\u20131.59, p\u2009=\u20090.320). However, children attending daycare or school had a significantly lower risk of ND compared to those who stayed at home.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prenatal ZIKV exposure was not associated with ND in this cohort of normocephalic preschool children. Instead, attending a community daycare or school emerged as a significant protective factor against developmental delays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0346805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T17:28:15Z","timestamp":1776101295000},"page":"e0346805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Maternal Zika virus exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes: A longitudinal study of preschool children in the ZIKAlliance Colombian Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Herrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5730-0723","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mar\u00eda\u00a0Consuelo","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6770-258X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anyela","family":"Lozano-Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3569-3209","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diana","family":"Ni\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis\u00a0\u00c1ngel","family":"Villar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4851-1753","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rosa\u00a0Margarita","family":"G\u00e9lvez Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Jaenisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Pezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrg","family":"Niederbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0346805.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2019-0331","article-title":"Zika virus: an emerging challenge to public health worldwide","volume":"66","author":"V Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J 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