{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:03:08Z","timestamp":1787022188377,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government","award":["RS-2026-25489895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2026-25489895"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) and generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG) in a South Korean cohort through an integrated analysis of clinical characteristics, diagnostic findings, and treatment patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study of 138 patients with myasthenia gravis (98 with OMG and 40 with GMG). Demographic characteristics, ophthalmic symptoms, serologic results, repetitive nerve stimulation test (RNST) findings, thymic pathology, autoimmune comorbidities, and treatment patterns were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GMG patients had a younger age at symptom onset and a higher proportion of females compared with OMG patients. Combined horizontal and vertical diplopia was more frequent in OMG. AChR antibody positivity was significantly higher in GMG than in OMG (92.5% vs. 36.3%), as were abnormal RNST findings (90.0% vs. 23.5%). A modest but statistically significant positive correlation was observed between AChR-Ab titer and the highest CMAP decrement in the overall cohort (r\u2009=\u20090.381, p\u2009=\u20090.011); however, this association was not significant when analyzed separately in OMG and GMG patients. Thymic abnormalities, particularly thymoma, were more common in GMG. Nonsteroidal immunosuppressant use\u2014especially tacrolimus and azathioprine\u2014was significantly more frequent in GMG, whereas corticosteroid use did not differ significantly between subtypes. Among OMG patients, systemic immunotherapy was more frequently administered to those presenting with both ptosis and diplopia than to those with isolated ptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this South Korean cohort, OMG and GMG exhibited distinct demographic, serologic, electrophysiologic, and therapeutic profiles. Recognition of these subtype-specific differences may facilitate accurate diagnosis, individualized treatment selection, and improved clinical management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0346981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:30:07Z","timestamp":1777397407000},"page":"e0346981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative study of ocular and generalized myasthenia gravis in a South Korean cohort"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Chaerin","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeeyoung","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3563-8042","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyun Jin","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0346981.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/EB.S389629","article-title":"Ocular myasthenia gravis: a current overview","volume":"15","author":"R Behbehani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0346981.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nrl.0000240856.03505.b5","article-title":"Ocular myasthenia: diagnosis, treatment, and pathogenesis","volume":"12","author":"LL Kusner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0346981.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ohc.2004.05.014","article-title":"Ocular myasthenia gravis","volume":"17","author":"RD Elrod","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0346981.ref004","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"KM Aneesh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"pone.0346981.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.04.017","article-title":"Incidence, epidemiology, and transformation of ocular myasthenia gravis: a population-based study","volume":"205","author":"TM Hendricks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0346981.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11316-3","article-title":"Generalization of ocular myasthenia gravis 10 years after onset","volume":"269","author":"A Gu\u00e9guen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0346981.ref007","article-title":"Clinical characteristics associated with secondary generalization in patients with ocular myasthenia gravis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"CEH Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0346981.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2024.07.002","article-title":"Ocular versus generalized myasthenia gravis: a continuum associated with acetylcholine receptor antibody titers","volume":"43","author":"KH Axelsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"pone.0346981.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.05.023","article-title":"Prognosis of ocular myasthenia in Korea: a retrospective multicenter analysis of 202 patients","volume":"273","author":"Y-H Hong","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0346981.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1159\/000507853","article-title":"Adult ocular myasthenia gravis conversion: a single-center retrospective analysis in China","volume":"83","author":"X Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0346981.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.1140","article-title":"Literature review of the usefulness of repetitive nerve stimulation and single fiber EMG in the electrodiagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected myasthenia gravis or Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome","volume":"24","author":"AAEM Quality Assurance Committee, American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0346981.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-829594","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: diagnosis","volume":"24","author":"MN Meriggioli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0346981.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.16","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical research standards. 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