{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T18:10:57Z","timestamp":1776276657123,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000308","name":"Carnegie Corporation of New York","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000308","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003419","name":"Ghana Education Trust Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003419","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Commonwealth Scholarship UK"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004421","name":"World Bank Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ACE02-WACCBIP, Awandare"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACE02-WACCBIP, Awandare"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    African trypanosomiasis is a deadly disease that affects humans and animals, with treatment hindered by drug toxicity and resistance, highlighting the need for alternative therapies. Alkyl gallates, which are plant-derived phenolipids used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, have been shown to have potent anti-microbial activity; however, their mechanism of action is still unclear. This study investigated the effects of selected alkyl gallates on\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma brucei<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    anti-trypanosomal and cytotoxicity of the alkyl gallates were determined using the alamarBlue assay. The effects of the alkyl gallates on lipid droplet dynamics were studied using BODIPY493\/503 dye and an endogenously tagged lipid droplet kinase cell line which served as a protein marker of lipid droplets.\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    treatment with octyl and lauryl gallates resulted in rapid cell death with low IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 0.7 \u00b5M and 0.04 \u00b5M respectively. Octyl gallate treatment significantly reduced lipid droplet number within 30 minutes and by 2 hours most cells lacked lipid droplets; however, lipid droplets rebounded once the drug pressure was removed. These results show that alkyl gallates rapidly disrupt lipid droplet homeostasis in\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma brucei<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Thus, these gallates could serve as a useful cell biology tool to dissect lipid droplet biogenesis and function in trypanosomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0347099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:28:42Z","timestamp":1776274122000},"page":"e0347099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alkyl gallates disrupt Trypanosoma brucei lipid droplets"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Cynthia Mmalebna","family":"Amisigo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Amegatcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack 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